Abubuwa 30 da za a yi Bayan Ƙaramar RHEL/CentOS 7


CentOS shine Madaidaicin Rarraba Linux na Masana'antu wanda ya samo asali ne daga Linux Enterprise RedHat. Kuna iya fara amfani da OS da zarar kun shigar da shi, amma don cin gajiyar tsarin ku kuna buƙatar yin ƴan sabuntawa, shigar da ƴan fakiti, saita wasu ayyuka da aikace-aikace.

Wannan labarin yana nufin Abubuwan 30 da za a Yi Bayan Shigar da RHEL/CentOS 7. An rubuta sakon a tuna cewa kun shigar da RHEL/CentOS Minimal Install wanda aka fi so a cikin Kasuwanci da yanayin samarwa, idan ba haka ba za ku iya bi jagorar da ke ƙasa zai nuna maka kadan shigarwa na biyu.

  1. Shigar da CentOS 7 Minimal
  2. Shigar da mafi ƙarancin RHEL 7

Wadannan sune jerin abubuwa masu mahimmanci, waɗanda muka rufe a cikin wannan jagorar bisa ga daidaitattun bukatun masana'antu. Muna fatan cewa, waɗannan abubuwa za su taimaka sosai wajen kafa uwar garken ku.

1. Yi Rajista kuma Kunna Kuɗi na Red Hat

Bayan ƙaramar shigarwar RHEL 7, lokaci yayi da za a yi rajista da ba da damar tsarin ku zuwa wuraren ajiyar Kuɗi na Red Hat da aiwatar da cikakken sabunta tsarin. Wannan yana aiki ne kawai idan kuna da ingantaccen Biyan Kuɗi na RedHat. Kuna buƙatar yin rijistar ku don kunna ma'ajin tsarin RedHat na hukuma da sabunta OS daga lokaci zuwa lokaci.

Mun riga mun rufe cikakkun bayanai kan yadda ake yin rajista da kuma biyan kuɗin RedHat mai aiki a jagorar da ke ƙasa.

  1. Yi rijista kuma Kunna Ma'ajiyar Kuɗi ta Red Hat a cikin RHEL 7

Lura: Wannan matakin na RedHat Enterprise Linux ne kawai yana da ingantaccen biyan kuɗi. Idan kuna gudanar da uwar garken CentOS nan da nan matsa zuwa ƙarin matakai.

2. Sanya hanyar sadarwa tare da Adireshin IP a tsaye

Abu na farko da kuke buƙatar yi shine saita adreshin IP na tsaye, Hanya da DNS zuwa Sabar ku ta CentOS. Za mu yi amfani da umarnin ip maye gurbin umarnin ifconfig. Koyaya, umarnin ifconfig yana har yanzu don yawancin rarrabawar Linux kuma ana iya shigar dashi daga ma'ajin da aka saba.

# yum install net-tools             [Provides ifconfig utility]

Amma kamar yadda na ce za mu yi amfani da umarnin ip don daidaita adireshin IP na tsaye. Don haka, ka tabbata ka fara duba adireshin IP na yanzu.

# ip addr show

Yanzu buɗe kuma shirya fayil /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s3 ta amfani da zaɓin editan ku. Anan, Ina amfani da editan Vi kuma tabbatar cewa dole ne ku zama tushen mai amfani don yin canje-canje…

# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s3

Yanzu za mu yi gyara guda hudu a cikin fayil ɗin. Yi la'akari da filayen hudu da ke ƙasa kuma ku bar duk abin da ba a taɓa shi ba. Hakanan bar ƙididdiga biyu kamar yadda yake kuma shigar da bayanan ku a tsakanin.

IPADDR = “[Enter your static IP here]” 
GATEWAY = “[Enter your Default Gateway]”
DNS1 = “[Your Domain Name System 1]”
DNS2 = “[Your Domain Name System 2]”

Bayan yin canje-canje 'ifcfg-enp0s3', yayi kama da hoton da ke ƙasa. Lura da IP, GATEWAY da DNS zasu bambanta, da fatan za a tabbatar da shi tare da ISP ɗin ku. Ajiye kuma Fita.

Sake kunna cibiyar sadarwar sabis kuma duba IP daidai ne ko a'a, wanda aka sanya. Idan komai yayi daidai, Ping don ganin matsayin cibiyar sadarwa…

# service network restart

Bayan sake kunna hanyar sadarwa, tabbatar da duba adireshin IP da matsayin cibiyar sadarwa…

# ip addr show
# ping -c4 google.com

3. Saita sunan uwar garke

Abu na gaba shine canza HOSTNAME na uwar garken CentOS. Duba HOSTNAME da aka sanyawa a halin yanzu.

# echo $HOSTNAME

Don saita sabon HOSTNAME muna buƙatar gyara '/etc/hostname' kuma mu maye gurbin tsohon sunan mai masauki da wanda ake so.

# vi /etc/hostname

Bayan saita sunan mai masauki, tabbatar da tabbatar da sunan mai masauki ta hanyar fita kuma sake shiga. Bayan shiga duba sabon sunan mai masauki.

$ echo $HOSTNAME

A madadin za ku iya amfani da umarnin 'hostname' umarni don duba hotsname ɗin ku na yanzu.

$ hostname

4. Sabuntawa ko Haɓakawa CentOS Minimal Install

Wannan ba zai shigar da kowane sabon fakitin banda sabuntawa da shigar da sabon sigar fakitin da aka shigar da sabuntawar tsaro ba. Haka kuma Sabuntawa da haɓakawa iri ɗaya ne sai dai cewa Haɓakawa = Sabuntawa + yana ba da damar sarrafa abubuwan da ba a taɓa amfani da su ba yayin sabuntawa.

# yum update && yum upgrade

Muhimmi: Hakanan zaka iya gudanar da umarnin da ke ƙasa wanda ba zai faɗakar da sabunta fakitin ba kuma ba kwa buƙatar buga 'y' don karɓar canje-canje.

Duk da haka yana da kyau koyaushe a sake duba canje-canjen da ke faruwa a kan na'urar musamman a cikin samarwa. Don haka yin amfani da umarnin da ke ƙasa na iya sarrafa sabuntawa da haɓakawa a gare ku amma ba a ba da shawarar ba.

# yum -y update && yum -y upgrade

5. Sanya Command Line Web Browser

A mafi yawan lokuta, musamman a cikin yanayin samarwa, yawanci muna shigar da CentOS azaman layin umarni ba tare da GUI ba, a cikin wannan yanayin dole ne mu sami kayan aikin binciken layin umarni don bincika gidajen yanar gizo ta tasha. Don wannan, za mu shigar da shahararren kayan aiki da ake kira 'links'.

# yum install links

Don amfani da misalai don bincika shafukan yanar gizo da kayan aikin haɗin gwiwa, karanta labarin mu Binciken Layin Yanar Gizo na Umurnin Yanar Gizo tare da Kayan Haɗi.

6. Sanya Apache HTTP Server

Ko da wane dalili za ku yi amfani da uwar garken, a mafi yawan lokuta kuna buƙatar uwar garken HTTP don gudanar da gidajen yanar gizo, multimedia, rubutun gefen abokin ciniki da sauran abubuwa da yawa.

# yum install httpd

Idan kuna son canza tsohuwar tashar jiragen ruwa (80) na Apache HTTP Server zuwa kowace tashar jiragen ruwa. Kuna buƙatar shirya fayil ɗin sanyi'/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf'kuma bincika layin da ke farawa yawanci kamar:

LISTEN 80 

Canja lambar tashar jiragen ruwa '80' zuwa kowace tashar jiragen ruwa (ce 3221), ajiye kuma fita.

Ƙara tashar jiragen ruwa da kuka buɗe don Apache ta hanyar Tacewar zaɓi sannan ku sake shigar da Tacewar zaɓi.

Bada sabis http ta Tacewar zaɓi (Dindindin).

# firewall-cmd --add-service=http

Bada tashar jiragen ruwa 3221 ta Tacewar zaɓi (Dindindin).

# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=3221/tcp

Sake shigar da Tacewar zaɓi.

# firewall-cmd --reload

Bayan yin duk abubuwan da ke sama, yanzu lokaci ya yi da za a sake kunna sabar HTTP ta Apache, ta yadda za a aiwatar da sabon lambar tashar jiragen ruwa.

# systemctl restart httpd.service

Yanzu ƙara sabis na Apache zuwa tsarin-fadi don farawa ta atomatik lokacin da takalman tsarin.

# systemctl start httpd.service
# systemctl enable httpd.service

Yanzu tabbatar da Apache HTTP Server ta amfani da kayan aikin layin umarni kamar yadda aka nuna a allon ƙasa.

# links 127.0.0.1