Misalai masu Amfani na nau'in Linux - Sashe na 1


Tsare-tsare wani shiri ne na Linux da ake amfani da shi don buga layukan shigar da fayilolin rubutu da haɗa dukkan fayiloli cikin tsari. Tsarin tsari yana ɗaukar sarari mara sarari azaman mai raba filin da duk fayil ɗin shigarwa azaman maɓalli. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa nau'in umarnin ba a zahiri rarraba fayilolin ba amma kawai buga abin da aka jera, har sai kun tura fitarwa.

Wannan labarin yana da niyya mai zurfi na umarnin Linux ' iri' tare da misalai masu amfani guda 14 waɗanda zasu nuna muku yadda ake amfani da nau'in umarni a cikin Linux.

1. Da farko za mu ƙirƙiri fayil ɗin rubutu (tecmint.txt) don aiwatar da misalan umarni na 'sort'. Jagorar aikin mu shine '/gida/$USER/Desktop/tecmint.

Zaɓin '-e' a cikin umarnin da ke ƙasa yana ba da damar fassarar backslash da /n yana gaya wa echo don rubuta kowane kirtani zuwa sabon layi.

$ echo -e "computer\nmouse\nLAPTOP\ndata\nRedHat\nlaptop\ndebian\nlaptop" > tecmint.txt

2. Kafin mu fara da ‘sort’ bari mu dubi abubuwan da ke cikin fayil ɗin da yadda yake kama.

$ cat tecmint.txt

3. Yanzu jera abubuwan da ke cikin fayil ɗin ta amfani da umarni mai zuwa.

$ sort tecmint.txt

Lura: Umurnin da ke sama baya rarraba abubuwan da ke cikin fayil ɗin rubutu a zahiri amma kawai yana nuna fitarwar da aka jera akan tasha.

4. Jera abubuwan da ke cikin fayil din 'tecmint.txt' kuma rubuta shi zuwa fayil mai suna (sorted.txt) kuma tabbatar da abun cikin ta amfani da umarnin cat.

$ sort tecmint.txt > sorted.txt
$ cat sorted.txt

5. Yanzu tsara abubuwan da ke cikin fayil ɗin rubutu 'tecmint.txt' a cikin tsari na baya ta hanyar amfani da '-r' canzawa da tura fitarwa zuwa fayil 'reversesorted.txt'. Hakanan duba lissafin abun ciki na sabon fayil ɗin da aka ƙirƙira.

$ sort -r tecmint.txt > reversesorted.txt
$ cat reversesorted.txt

6. Za mu ƙirƙiri sabon fayil (lsl.txt) a wuri ɗaya don cikakkun misalai kuma mu cika shi ta amfani da fitarwa na 'ls -l' don littafin gidan ku.

$ ls -l /home/$USER > /home/$USER/Desktop/tecmint/lsl.txt
$ cat lsl.txt

Yanzu za a ga misalai don tsara abubuwan da ke ciki bisa tushen wani filin ba tsoffin haruffan farko ba.

7. Tsara abubuwan da ke cikin fayil 'lsl.txt' bisa tushen shafi na 2 (wanda ke wakiltar adadin hanyoyin haɗin kai).

$ sort -nk2 lsl.txt

Lura: Zaɓin '-n' a cikin misalin sama yana tsara abubuwan da ke cikin lambobi. Zaɓin '-n' dole ne a yi amfani da shi lokacin da muke son rarraba fayil bisa tushen ginshiƙi wanda ya ƙunshi ƙimar lambobi.

8. Tsara abubuwan da ke cikin fayil 'lsl.txt' bisa tushen shafi na 9 (wanda shine sunan fayiloli da manyan fayiloli kuma ba lamba ba).

$ sort -k9 lsl.txt

9. Ba koyaushe yana da mahimmanci don gudanar da tsari akan fayil ba. Za mu iya bututun shi kai tsaye a kan tashar tare da ainihin umarni.

$ ls -l /home/$USER | sort -nk5

10. Tsara kuma cire kwafi daga fayil ɗin rubutu tecmint.txt. Bincika idan an cire kwafin ko a'a.

$ cat tecmint.txt
$ sort -u tecmint.txt

Dokoki zuwa yanzu (abin da muka lura):

  1. An fi son layin da ke farawa da lambobi a cikin lissafin kuma suna kwance a saman har sai an kayyade (-r).
  2. Layukan da suka fara da ƙananan haruffa an fi son su a cikin jeri kuma suna kwance a saman har sai an kayyade (-r).
  3. An jera abubuwan da ke ciki a kan faruwar haruffa a cikin ƙamus har sai an kayyade (-r).
  4. Rarraba umarni ta tsohuwa bi kowane layi azaman kirtani sannan a warware shi dangane da faruwar ƙamus na haruffa (An fi so na lambobi; duba ƙa'ida - 1) har sai an ƙayyade.

11. Ƙirƙiri fayil na uku 'lsla.txt' a wurin da ake yanzu kuma cika shi tare da fitowar 'ls-lA' umurnin.

$ ls -lA /home/$USER > /home/$USER/Desktop/tecmint/lsla.txt
$ cat lsla.txt

Wadanda ke fahimtar umarnin 'ls' sun san cewa 'ls -lA'='ls -l' + Fayilolin da aka ɓoye. Don haka yawancin abubuwan da ke cikin waɗannan fayilolin guda biyu zasu zama iri ɗaya.

12. Rarraba abubuwan da ke cikin fayiloli biyu akan daidaitaccen fitarwa a tafi ɗaya.

$ sort lsl.txt lsla.txt

Kula da maimaita fayiloli da manyan fayiloli.

13. Yanzu za mu iya ganin yadda za a warware, hade da kuma cire kwafin daga wadannan biyu fayiloli.

$ sort -u lsl.txt lsla.txt

Lura cewa an cire kwafi daga fitarwa. Hakanan, zaku iya rubuta fitarwa zuwa sabon fayil ta hanyar tura abin da aka fitar zuwa fayil.

14. Hakanan muna iya tsara abubuwan da ke cikin fayil ko fitarwa bisa sama da shafi ɗaya. Tsara fitar da umarnin 'ls -l' bisa tushen filin 2,5 (Lambobi) da 9 (Ba Lambobi ba).

$ ls -l /home/$USER | sort -t "," -nk2,5 -k9

Shi ke nan a yanzu. A cikin labarin na gaba za mu rufe wasu ƙarin misalan umarni 'nau'i dalla-dalla a gare ku. Har sai a saurara kuma ku haɗa zuwa Tecment. Ci gaba da rabawa. Ci gaba da yin sharhi. Like da share mu kuma a taimaka mana mu yada.

Karanta Hakanan: 7 Misalan Umurni na Linux 'nau'i' - Sashe na 2