Shigar da Unix Kamar Tsarin aiki FreeBSD 10.1 da Ƙaddamar da hanyar sadarwa


FreeBSD tsarin aiki ne mai kama da Unix kyauta daga rarraba software na Berkeley, wanda ke akwai don duk manyan dandamali x86_64, IA-32, PowerPC, ARM, da sauransu, kuma galibi yana mai da hankali kan fasali, saurin gudu, da kwanciyar hankali.

FreeBSD da yawancin manyan kamfanonin IT ke amfani da su kamar Juniper Networks, NetApp, Nokia, IBM, da sauransu, kuma akwai don dandamali na uwar garken tare da layin umarni kawai, amma zamu iya amfani da kowane yanayi na Desktop na Linux kamar Xfce, KDE, GNOME, da sauransu don sanya shi distro-abokin ciniki.

IP Address	:	192.168.0.142
Hostname	:	freebsd.tecmintlocal.com
Hard Disk	:	16GB
Memory		:	2GB

Wannan labarin zai bi ku ta cikin taƙaitaccen umarni game da shigar da FreeBSD 13.0 da kuma saita hanyoyin sadarwa na cibiyar sadarwa (saitin adireshi na IP) ta amfani da kayan aikin shigarwa na tushen rubutu mai suna bsdinstall a ƙarƙashin i386 da AMD64 gine-gine.

Shigar da FreeBSD 13.0

1. Da farko ka je gidan yanar gizon FreeBSD na hukuma, sannan ka zazzage na'urar sakawa ta FreeBSD don gine-ginen ka, mai sakawa yana zuwa da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan CD, DVD, Network Install, hotunan USB, da kuma hotunan Virtual Machine.

2. Bayan zazzage hoton mai sakawa na FreeBSD, sai a ƙone shi zuwa kafofin watsa labarai (CD/DVD ko USB), sannan a yi boot ɗin tsarin tare da shigar da kafofin watsa labarai. Bayan tsarin takalma tare da kafofin watsa labaru na shigarwa, za a nuna menu na gaba.

3. Ta hanyar tsoho, menu zai jira daƙiƙa 10 don shigarwar mai amfani kafin ya tashi cikin mai sakawa na FreeBSD ko kuma za mu iya danna maɓallin 'Backspace' don ci gaba da shigarwa, sannan danna maɓallin 'Shigar' don kunna cikin FreeBSD. Da zarar taya ya cika, menu maraba yana nunawa tare da zaɓuɓɓuka masu zuwa.

Danna Shigar da don zaɓar zaɓin tsoho 'Shigar', ko kuma za ku iya zaɓar 'Shell' don samun damar shirye-shiryen layin umarni don shirya diski kafin shigarwa ko zaɓi zaɓi 'Live CD' don gwada FreeBSD kafin. shigar da shi. Amma, a nan za mu yi amfani da zaɓi na tsoho 'Shigar' yayin da muke shigar da FreeBSD.

4. Na gaba, jerin taswirar maɓalli da aka nuna, tare da zaɓin tsoho na Maɓalli, kawai zaɓi zaɓin tsoho don ci gaba da saitin taswirar maɓalli.

5. Na gaba, ba da sunan mai masauki don tsarin mu, Na yi amfani da freebsd.tecmintlocal.com azaman sunan mai masaukina.

6. Zaɓi abubuwan da za a girka don FreeBSD, ta tsohuwa kowane zaɓi an riga an zaɓa.

7. A wannan mataki, muna buƙatar raba Disk don shigarwa. Anan zaku sami zaɓuɓɓuka huɗu:

  • Auto (ZFS) - Wannan zaɓi yana ƙirƙirar rufaffiyar tushen-on-ZFS tsarin ta amfani da tsarin fayil na ZFS tare da goyan bayan mahallin taya.
  • Auto (UFS) - Wannan zaɓi yana ƙirƙirar ɓangarori ta atomatik ta amfani da tsarin fayil na ZFS.
  • Manual - Wannan zaɓi yana bawa masu amfani da ci gaba damar ƙirƙirar ɓangarori na musamman daga zaɓuɓɓukan menu.
  • Shell - Wannan zaɓi yana ba masu amfani damar ƙirƙirar ɓangarori na musamman ta amfani da kayan aikin layin umarni kamar fdisk, gpart, da sauransu.

Amma, a nan za mu zaɓi zaɓi 'Manual' don ƙirƙirar ɓangarori daidai da bukatunmu.

8. Bayan zaɓar 'Manual Partitioning', editan bangare yana buɗewa tare da firikwensin 'ad0' kuma zaɓi Ƙirƙiri don Ƙirƙirar ingantaccen tsarin yanki.

9. Na gaba, zaɓi GPT don ƙirƙirar Tebur Partition. GPT yawanci ita ce hanyar da aka fi zaɓa don kwamfutocin amd64. Tsofaffin kwamfutoci, waɗanda basu dace da GPT yakamata suyi amfani da MBR.

10. Bayan ƙirƙirar tebur na Partition, yanzu za ku ga cewa an canza Disk ɗin mu zuwa tebur ɗin GPT, Zaɓi 'Create' don ayyana ɓangaren.

11. Yanzu, a nan muna buƙatar ayyana ɓangarori uku don /boot, Swap, /. Zan bayyana girman rabona kamar haka.

  • /boot - 512 MB a Girman
  • Musanya 1GB a Girman
  • / 15GB a Girman Girman

Zaɓi 'Ƙirƙiri'kuma ayyana ɓangarori ɗaya bayan ɗaya, a farkon taya'Nau'in'yana buƙatar zama'freebsd-boot'kuma girman anan na yi amfani da 512K kuma danna Ok don ƙirƙirar Swap na gaba.

Zaɓi 'Ƙirƙiri'kuma ayyana swap partition for 1 GB kuma Danna Ok.

Sa'an nan kuma Zabi 'Ƙirƙiri' kuma ayyana/bangare. Yanzu yi amfani da ragowar girman don/bangare. Yi amfani da Nau'in azaman freebsd-ufs kuma ku matsa kamar /.

12. Bayan ƙirƙirar duk partitions za mu samu a kasa layout. Zaɓi 'Gama'don ci gaba don mataki na gaba don shigarwa.

13. Da zarar an ƙirƙiri diski, taga na gaba yana ba da dama ta ƙarshe don gyara canje-canje kafin a tsara faifan da aka zaɓa. Idan kuna son yin canji, zaɓi [ Baya ] don komawa zuwa babban menu na ɓarna ko zaɓi [ Komawa & Fita ] don fita daga mai sakawa ba tare da gyaggyara wani canje-canje ga faifai ba. Amma, a nan muna buƙatar zaɓar 'Ƙaddamarwa'don fara shigarwa kuma danna 'Shigar'.

14. Da zarar mai sakawa ya tsara duk faifan diski da aka zaɓa, sai ya fara aiwatar da partitions ɗin don saukewa da tabbatar da duk abubuwan da aka zaɓa, sannan a zazzage abubuwan da aka zazzage zuwa faifan.. kamar yadda aka nuna a hoton da ke ƙasa.

15. Da zarar an fitar da duk fakitin rarraba da ake buƙata zuwa faifai, taga na gaba yana nuna allon saitin shigarwa na farko. Anan, da farko, kuna buƙatar saita kalmar sirri ta 'tushen' don sabar FreeBSD ɗin mu.

Ƙirƙirar Interface Network akan FreeBSD

16. Na gaba, ana nuna jerin hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizon da aka samo akan allon, zaɓi ƙirar don daidaitawa. Anan ina da adaftar hanyar sadarwa guda daya. Idan kana da adaftan cibiyar sadarwa da yawa zaɓi adaftar da kake buƙatar amfani da ita.

17. Na gaba, zaɓi ko ya kamata a bayyana adireshin IPv4 ko a'a akan hanyar Ethernet da aka zaɓa. Anan muna da zaɓuɓɓuka guda 2 don saita hanyar sadarwar cibiyar sadarwa, ɗayan yana amfani da DHCP wanda zai sanya adireshin IP kai tsaye zuwa cibiyar sadarwar mu, na biyu yana bayyana adireshin IP da hannu. Amma, a nan muna sanya adireshin IP na tsaye ga kwamfutar kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa.

18. Na gaba, shigar da ingantaccen uwar garken DNS IP a cikin IPv4 DNS #1 da #2 kuma danna Ok don ci gaba.

19. Zaɓi na gaba yana sa ku duba agogon tsarin yana amfani da UTC ko lokacin gida, idan kuna da shakka, kawai zaɓi 'A'a' don zaɓar lokacin gida da aka fi amfani dashi.

20. tagogi na gaba suna tambayarka ka saita daidai lokacin gida da yankin lokaci.

21. Na gaba, zaɓi ayyukan da kuke son farawa a boot boot.

22. Zaɓi na gaba, tambayarka don ƙirƙirar asusun mai amfani aƙalla ɗaya don shiga cikin tsarin azaman asusun da ba tushen tushe don kiyaye tsarin mafi aminci da tsaro. Zaɓi [ Ee ] don ƙara sababbin masu amfani.

Bi tsokaci kuma shigar da bayanan da ake buƙata don asusun mai amfani (misali mai amfani 'tecmint') kamar yadda aka nuna a hoton da ke ƙasa.

Bayan shigar da bayanin mai amfani da ke sama, ana nuna taƙaitaccen bayani don dubawa. Idan kowane kuskure ya faru yayin ƙirƙirar mai amfani, shigar da a'a kuma sake gwadawa. Idan an shigar da komai daidai, shigar da eh don ƙirƙirar sabon mai amfani.

23. Bayan an daidaita duk abin da ke sama, ana ba da dama ta ƙarshe don gyara ko canza saitunan. Bayan duk wani tsari na ƙarshe ya cika, zaɓi Fita.

24. Bayan an gama shigarwa, zaɓi 'Sake yi'sake kunna tsarin, kuma fara amfani da sabon tsarin FreeBSD na ku.

25. Bayan an gama reboot za mu sami Terminal don shiga don asusu, Ta hanyar tsoho, za mu sami root da tecmint waɗanda muka ƙirƙira yayin shigarwa. Shiga tushen asusun kuma bincika bayanan tsarin kamar adireshin IP, sunan mai masauki, sararin diski na tsarin fayil, da sigar saki.

# hostname
# ifconfig | grep inet
# uname -mrs // To get the Installed FreeBSD release version.
# df -h // Disk space check.

A cikin wannan labarin mun gani, yadda muka shigar da kuma daidaita FreeBSD, a cikin labarina mai zuwa, za mu ga yadda ake shigarwa da daidaita fakiti a cikin FreeBSD. Idan kuna da wasu tambayoyi game da shigarwa, jin daɗin sauke maganganun ku masu mahimmanci a ƙasa.