25 Amfanin Apache .htaccess Dabaru don Aminta da Keɓance Yanar Gizo

Shafukan yanar gizo sune muhimman sassan rayuwarmu. Suna amfani da hanyoyin haɓaka kasuwanci, raba ilimi da ƙari mai yawa. Tun da farko an ƙuntata don samar da abin da ke ciki kawai, tare da gabatarwar abokin ciniki mai ƙarfi da harsunan rubutun gefen uwar garken da ci gaba da ci gaban yaren da ke wanzuwa kamar html zuwa html5, ƙara kowane ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi yana yiwuwa ga gidajen yanar gizon kuma abin da ya rage ana sa ran zai biyo baya nan da nan kusa. nan gaba.

Tare da gidajen yanar gizo, yana zuwa da buƙatar rukunin da zai iya nuna waɗannan rukunin yanar gizon zuwa ɗimbin masu sauraro a duk faɗin duniya. Ana cika wannan buƙatar ta hanyar sabobin da ke ba da hanyoyin ɗaukar nauyin gidan yanar gizon. Wannan ya haɗa da jerin sabar kamar: Apache HTTP Server, Joomla, da WordPress waɗanda ke ba mutum damar ɗaukar gidajen yanar gizon su.

Wanda yake so ya dauki nauyin gidan yanar gizon yana iya ƙirƙirar uwar garken gida na kansa ko kuma yana iya tuntuɓar duk wanda aka ambata a sama ko kuma wani manajan uwar garken don ɗaukar nauyin gidan yanar gizonsa. Amma ainihin batun yana farawa daga wannan batu. Ayyukan gidan yanar gizon ya dogara musamman akan abubuwa masu zuwa:

1. Bandwidth da gidan yanar gizon ke cinyewa.
2. Yadda rukunin yanar gizon ke da aminci ga masu satar bayanai.
3. Kyakkyawan fata idan aka zo neman bayanai ta hanyar rumbun adana bayanai
4. Abincin mai amfani idan ya zo ga nuna menu na kewayawa da samar da ƙarin fasalulluka na UI.

Tare da wannan, abubuwa daban-daban waɗanda ke jagorantar nasarar sabobin a cikin rukunin yanar gizon su ne:

1. Yawan matsawar bayanai da aka samu don wani gidan yanar gizo.
2. Ikon bauta wa abokan ciniki da yawa a lokaci guda suna neman gidan yanar gizo iri ɗaya ko daban.
3. Kiyaye bayanan sirri da aka shigar akan gidajen yanar gizo kamar: imel, bayanan katin kiredit da sauransu.
4. Bayar da ƙarin zaɓuɓɓuka don haɓaka haɓakawa zuwa gidan yanar gizon.

Wannan labarin yana magana ne da ɗayan irin wannan fasalin da sabobin ke bayarwa wanda ke taimakawa haɓaka aikin gidajen yanar gizo tare da kare su daga mummunan bots, hotlinks da sauransu. watau ‘.htaccessfayil.

htaccess (ko hanyar shiga hypertext) sune fayilolin da ke ba da zaɓuɓɓuka don masu gidan yanar gizon don sarrafa masu canjin yanayin uwar garken da sauran sigogi don haɓaka ayyukan gidajen yanar gizon su. Waɗannan fayilolin za su iya zama a cikin kowane kundin adireshi a cikin bishiyar gidan yanar gizon kuma suna ba da fasali ga kundin adireshi da fayiloli da manyan fayiloli a cikinsa.

Menene waɗannan siffofi? To wadannan su ne umarnin uwar garken watau layin da ke ba uwar garken umarni yin wani aiki na musamman, kuma waɗannan umarnin suna aiki ne kawai ga fayiloli da manyan fayiloli da ke cikin babban fayil ɗin da aka sanya wannan fayil ɗin. Waɗannan fayilolin suna ɓoye ta tsohuwa kamar yadda duk Operating System da sabar gidan yanar gizo ke saita su don yin watsi da su ta tsohuwa amma sanya ɓoyayyun fayilolin suna iya sa ka ga wannan fayil na musamman. Wani nau'in sigogi da za a iya sarrafawa shine batun tattaunawa na sassan da ke gaba.

Lura: Idan an sanya fayil .htaccess a cikin /apache/home/www/Gunjit/ directory to zai samar da umarni ga duk fayiloli da manyan fayiloli a waccan directory, amma idan wannan directory ɗin ya ƙunshi wani babban fayil wato: /Gunjit/images/ wanda kuma yana da wani fayil na .htaccess sannan umarnin da ke cikin wannan babban fayil ɗin zai soke wanda maigidan ya bayar. htaccessfayil (ko fayil a cikin babban fayil sama a matsayi).

Sabar HTTP ta Apache wadda ake kira Apache ana kiranta da sunan wani ɗan asalin ƙasar Amurka Apache don mutunta ƙwarewarta mafi girma a dabarun yaƙi. Gina akan C/C++ da XML sabar gidan yanar gizo ce ta giciye wacce ta dogara akan uwar garken NCSA HTTPd kuma tana da muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓakawa da ci gaban yanar gizo ta Duniya.

Mafi yawan amfani da UNIX, Apache yana samuwa don dandamali iri-iri da suka haɗa da FreeBSD, Linux, Windows, Mac OS, Novel Netware da dai sauransu. A cikin 2009, Apache ya zama sabar farko da ta yi hidima fiye da gidajen yanar gizo miliyan 100.

Sabar Apache tana da fayil ɗaya .htaccess kowane mai amfani a cikin www/ directory. Kodayake waɗannan fayilolin suna ɓoye amma ana iya bayyana su idan an buƙata. A cikin kundin adireshi www/ akwai adadin manyan fayiloli kowanne da ya shafi gidan yanar gizo mai suna akan sunan mai amfani ko mai shi. Baya ga wannan, zaku iya samun fayil guda ɗaya .htaccess a cikin kowane babban fayil wanda ya daidaita fayiloli a cikin wannan babban fayil ɗin kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama.

Yadda ake saita fayil htaccess akan uwar garken Apache shine kamar haka…

Ana iya samun lokuta biyu:

A wannan yanayin, idan fayilolin .htaccess ba su kunna ba, kuna iya kunna fayilolin .htaccess ta hanyar zuwa kawai zuwa httpd.conf (Fayil ɗin sanyi na tsoho don Apache HTTP Daemon) da nemo sashin .

<Directory "/var/www/htdocs">

Kuma gano layin da ke cewa…

AllowOverride None 

Kuma gyara shi zuwa.

AllowOverride All

Yanzu, a sake kunna Apache, .htaccess zai yi aiki.

A wannan yanayin yana da kyau a tuntuɓi mai gudanarwa, idan sun ba da damar shiga fayilolin .htaccess.

25 '.htaccess' Dabaru na Sabar Yanar Gizo na Apache don Yanar Gizo

mod_rewrite zaɓi yana ba ku damar amfani da jujjuyawa da ɓoye URL ɗinku na gaskiya tare da turawa zuwa wani URL. Wannan zaɓin zai iya tabbatar da amfani sosai yana ba ku damar maye gurbin URLs masu tsayi da tsayi zuwa gajere da sauƙin tunawa.

Don ba da damar mod_rewrite kawai yi aiki don ƙara layi mai zuwa azaman layin farko na fayil ɗin ku .htaccess.

Options +FollowSymLinks

Wannan zaɓin yana ba ku damar bin hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa don haka kunna zaɓin mod_rewrite akan gidan yanar gizon. Ana gabatar da maye gurbin URL da gajere kuma mai kauri daga baya.

htaccess fayil na iya ƙyale ko hana shiga gidan yanar gizo ko babban fayil ko fayiloli a cikin kundin adireshi wanda aka sanya shi ta amfani da oda, ba da izini da < b> ƙaryata keywords.

Order Allow, Deny
Deny from All
Allow from 192.168.3.1

OR

Order Allow, Deny
Allow from 192.168.3.1

Order keyword anan yana fayyace tsarin da ba da izini, hana shiga za a sarrafa. Don bayanin 'Oda' na sama, za a fara aiwatar da bayanan Bada sannan kuma za a aiwatar da bayanan ƙaryatãwa.

Layukan da ke ƙasa suna ba da hanyoyin ba da damar shiga gidan yanar gizon ga duk masu amfani suna karɓar ɗaya mai adireshin IP: 192.168.3.1.

rder Allow, Deny
Deny from 192.168.3.1
Allow from All

OR


Order Deny, Allow
Deny from 192.168.3.1

Yin amfani da wasu sassa masu sauƙi, za mu iya gyara daftarin kuskuren da ke gudana akan lambobin kuskure daban-daban da uwar garken ya haifar lokacin da mai amfani/abokin ciniki ya nemi shafin da ba a samu a gidan yanar gizon ba kamar yadda yawancin mu za su ga '404 Shafi ba a samo ba.' shafi a cikin gidan yanar gizon su. Fayilolin ''.htaccess' suna ƙayyadaddun matakin da za a ɗauka idan an sami irin waɗannan sharuɗɗan kuskure.

Don yin wannan, ana buƙatar ƙara waɗannan layukan zuwa fayilolin ''.htaccess':

ErrorDocument <error-code> <path-of-document/string-representing-html-file-content>

'ErrorDocument' kalma ce mai mahimmanci, lambar kuskure na iya zama kowane daga 401, 403, 404, > 500ko kowane kuskure mai aiki da ke wakiltar lambar kuma a ƙarshe, 'hanyar-takardu' tana wakiltar hanyar akan na'ura na gida (idan kuna amfani da uwar garken gida) ko akan sabar (idan kuna amfani da shi) kowane uwar garken don ɗaukar nauyin gidan yanar gizon ku).

ErrorDocument 404 /error-docs/error-404.html

Layin da ke sama yana saita daftarin aiki 'error-404.html' da aka sanya a cikin error-docs babban fayil don nunawa idan sabar ta sami rahoton kuskuren 404 don kowace buƙatu mara inganci. don shafi na abokin ciniki.

rrorDocument 404 "<html><head><title>404 Page not found</title></head><body><p>The page you request is not present. Check the URL you have typed</p></body></html>"

Wakilin da ke sama shima daidai ne wanda ke sanya kirtani wakiltar fayil ɗin html da aka saba.

A cikin .htaccess fayil za ka iya saita ko warware canjin yanayi na duniya wanda uwar garken ke ba da damar gyarawa ta masu karɓar gidajen yanar gizon. Don saiti ko cire masu canjin yanayi kuna buƙatar ƙara layin masu zuwa zuwa fayilolin .htaccess na ku.

SetEnv OWNER “Gunjit Khera”

UnsetEnv OWNER

MIME (Internet Multipurpose Multimedia Extensions) su ne nau'ikan da mai bincike ya gane ta hanyar tsohuwa yayin gudanar da kowane shafin yanar gizo. Kuna iya ayyana nau'ikan MIME don gidan yanar gizonku a cikin fayilolin .htaccess, ta yadda nau'ikan fayiloli daban-daban kamar yadda aka ayyana ta hanyar uwar garken za a iya gane su kuma su sarrafa su.

<IfModule mod_mime.c>
	AddType	application/javascript		js
	AddType application/x-font-ttf		ttf ttc
</IfModule>

Anan, mod_mime.c shine tsarin sarrafa ma'anar nau'ikan MIME daban-daban kuma idan kuna shigar da wannan tsarin akan tsarin ku to zaku iya amfani da wannan tsarin don ayyana nau'ikan MIME daban-daban don kari daban-daban da ake amfani da su a cikin gidan yanar gizonku. domin uwar garke ta fahimce su.

.htaccess fayilolin suna ba ku damar sarrafa adadin bayanan da wani abokin ciniki ke lodawa ko zazzage shi daga gidan yanar gizon ku. Don wannan kawai kuna buƙatar ƙara waɗannan layukan zuwa fayil ɗin .htaccess:

php_value upload_max_filesize 20M
php_value post_max_size 20M
php_value max_execution_time 200
php_value max_input_time 200

Layukan da ke sama suna saita matsakaicin girman ƙaddamarwa, matsakaicin girman bayanai da ake sakawa, matsakaicin lokacin aiwatarwa watau iyakar lokacin da aka ba mai amfani damar aiwatar da gidan yanar gizo akan na'urarsa ta gida, matsakaicin ƙayyadaddun lokaci a cikin lokacin shigarwa.