Yadda ake Ƙirƙirar Injin Kaya a cikin Linux Ta amfani da KVM (Na'urar Virtual na tushen Kernel) - Kashi na 1

Wannan koyawa ta tattauna gabatarwar KVM, turawa da kuma yadda ake amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar injunan kama-da-wane a ƙarƙashin rarraba tushen RedHat kamar RHEL/CentOS7 da Fedora 21.

KVM ko (Kernel na tushen Virtual Machine) shine cikakken bayani na haɓakawa don Linux akan Intel 64 da kayan aikin AMD 64 waɗanda aka haɗa a cikin babban layin Linux kernel tun 2.6.20 kuma yana da ƙarfi da sauri don yawancin ayyukan aiki.

Akwai fa'idodi da fa'idodi da yawa masu amfani waɗanda zaku samu lokacin da kuke amfani da KVM don tura dandamalin kama-da-wane. KVM hypervisor yana goyan bayan fasali masu zuwa:

  1. Kwantar da kai : Ma'ana ware ƙarin CPUs ko ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya fiye da abubuwan da ake da su akan tsarin.
  2. Sabis na bakin ciki : Wanda ke ba da damar rarraba ma'ajiya mai sassauƙa kuma yana haɓaka sararin da ke akwai don kowane injin kama-da-wane baƙo.
  3. Disk I/O throttling : Yana ba da ikon saita iyaka akan buƙatun I/O faifai da aka aika daga injunan kama-da-wane zuwa na'ura mai ɗaukar hoto.
  4. Ma'auni na NUMA ta atomatik : Yana haɓaka aikin aikace-aikacen da ke gudana akan tsarin kayan masarufi na NUMA.
  5. Virtual CPU hot add capability : Yana ba da ikon ƙara ƙarfin sarrafawa kamar yadda ake buƙata akan sarrafa injina, ba tare da bata lokaci ba.

Wannan shine jerin KVM ɗin mu na farko mai ci gaba (Kernel na tushen Virtual Machine), anan za mu rufe abubuwan da ke biyo baya a cikin salon hikima.

Tabbatar cewa tsarin ku yana da haɓaka haɓakar haɓakar kayan masarufi: Don rundunonin tushen Intel, tabbatar da haɓaka haɓakar haɓakar CPU [vmx] suna samuwa ta amfani da umarni mai zuwa.

 grep -e 'vmx' /proc/cpuinfo

Don rundunonin tushen AMD, tabbatar da haɓaka haɓakawar CPU [svm] akwai.

 grep -e 'svm' /proc/cpuinfo

Idan babu fitarwa tabbatar da cewa an kunna haɓaka haɓakawa a cikin BIOS. Tabbatar cewa ana loda samfuran KVM a cikin kwaya \Ya kamata a loda shi ta tsohuwa.

 lsmod | grep kvm

Fitowar ya kamata ya ƙunshi kvm_intel don runduna masu tushen intel ko kvm_amd na amd-based hosts.

Kafin farawa , za ku buƙaci tushen asusun ko mai amfani da ba tushen tushen sudo gata da aka saita akan tsarin ku kuma ku tabbata cewa tsarin ku ya sabunta.

 yum update

Tabbatar cewa Selinux ya kasance cikin Yanayin Izinin.

 setenforce 0

Mataki 1: KVM Shigarwa da Aiwatarwa

1. Za mu shigar da qemu-kvm da qemu-img a farkon. Waɗannan fakitin suna ba da matakin mai amfani KVM da mai sarrafa hoton diski.

 yum install qemu-kvm qemu-img

2. Yanzu, kuna da mafi ƙarancin abin da ake buƙata don tura dandamali mai kama-da-wane akan mai masaukin ku, amma har yanzu muna da kayan aiki masu amfani don gudanar da dandalinmu kamar:

  1. virt-manager yana samar da kayan aikin GUI don sarrafa injinan ku.
  2. libvirt-abokin ciniki yana ba da kayan aikin CL don gudanar da mahallin ku wannan kayan aikin da ake kira virsh.
  3. virt-install yana ba da umarnin\virt-install don ƙirƙirar injunan ku daga CLI.
  4. libvirt yana samar da uwar garken da ɗakunan karatu na gefe don yin hulɗa tare da hypervisors da tsarin runduna.

Bari mu shigar da waɗannan kayan aikin na sama ta amfani da umarni mai zuwa.

 yum install virt-manager libvirt libvirt-python libvirt-client

3. Ga masu amfani da RHEL/CentOS7, kuma har yanzu suna da ƙarin ƙungiyoyin fakiti kamar: Abokin Ciniki na Farko, Platform Virtualization da Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kaya don shigarwa.

yum groupinstall virtualization-client virtualization-platform virtualization-tools

4. The virtualization daemon wanda ke sarrafa dukkan dandamali shine \libvirtd zai sake kunna shi.

systemctl restart libvirtd

5. Bayan sake kunna daemon, sannan a duba matsayinsa ta hanyar bin umarni.

systemctl status libvirtd  

libvirtd.service - Virtualization daemon 
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/libvirtd.service; enabled) 
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2014-12-29 15:48:46 EET; 14s ago 
 Main PID: 25701 (libvirtd)

Yanzu, bari mu canza zuwa sashe na gaba don ƙirƙirar injin ɗin mu.

Mataki 2: Ƙirƙiri VMs ta amfani da KVM

Kamar yadda muka ambata da wuri, muna da wasu kayan aiki masu amfani don sarrafa dandamalinmu na yau da kullun da ƙirƙirar injina. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan kayan aikin mai suna [virt-manager] wanda muke amfani da shi a sashe na gaba.

6. Ko da yake virt-manager kayan aiki ne na tushen GUI, muna kuma iya ƙaddamarwa/fara shi daga tasha da kuma daga GUI.

virt-manager

7. Bayan fara kayan aiki, wannan taga zai bayyana.

8. Ta hanyar tsoho za ku sami manajan yana haɗa kai tsaye zuwa localhost, da fatan za ku iya amfani da kayan aiki iri ɗaya don sarrafa wani runduna daga nesa. Daga shafin \Fayil, kawai zaɓi \Ƙara Connection kuma wannan taga zai bayyana.

Duba \Haɗa zuwa ramut host zaɓi sannan samar da Hostname/IP na uwar garken nesa. duk lokacin da mai sarrafa ya fara, kawai a duba zaɓin \Auto Connect.

9. Bari mu koma ga localhost, kafin ƙirƙirar sabon injin kama-da-wane ya kamata ku yanke shawarar inda za a adana fayilolin?! a wasu kalmomi, ya kamata ka ƙirƙiri Volume Disk (Virtual disk/Disk Hoton ) don mashin ɗin ku.

Ta hanyar danna kan localhost sannan ka zabi \Bayani sannan ka zabi tab Storage.

10. Bayan haka, danna maballin \Sabon Volume, sannan ka shigar da sunan sabon rumbun kwamfutarka (Volume Disk) sannan ka shigar da girman da kake so/bukata a cikin \Max Capacity sashe.

Girman rabo shine ainihin girman faifan ku wanda za'a keɓance shi nan da nan daga diski na zahiri bayan kammala matakan.

Lura: Wannan wata muhimmiyar fasaha ce a fannin sarrafa ma'ajiya wadda ake kira \ tanadin bakin ciki Akan yi amfani da ita don ware girman ma'ajiyar da aka yi amfani da ita kawai, BA duk girman da ake samu ba.

Alal misali, kun ƙirƙiri faifai mai kama da girman 60G, amma a zahiri kun yi amfani da 20G kawai, ta amfani da wannan fasaha girman da aka ware daga rumbun kwamfutarka na zahiri zai zama 20G ba 60G ba.

A wata kalma, girman jiki da aka keɓance za a keɓancewa da ƙarfi dangane da ainihin girman da aka yi amfani da shi. Kuna iya samun ƙarin bayani cikin cikakkun bayanai a VMWare vStorage Thin Provisioning.

11. Za ku lura cewa an bayyana alamar sabon faifan ƙararrawa a cikin jerin.

Hakanan yakamata ku lura da hanyar sabon hoton diski (Volume Disk), ta hanyar tsoho zai kasance ƙarƙashin /var/lib/libvirt/images, zaku iya tabbatar da shi ta amfani da umarni mai zuwa.

 ls -l /var/lib/libvirt/images
-rw-------. 1 root root 10737418240 Jan  3 16:47 vm1Storage.img

12. Yanzu, muna shirye don ƙirƙirar na'ura mai mahimmanci. Bari mu danna maɓallin VM a cikin babban taga, wannan taga mayen zai bayyana.

Zaɓi hanyar shigarwa wacce za ku yi amfani da ita don ƙirƙirar injin kama-da-wane. A yanzu za mu yi amfani da kafofin watsa labaru na gida, daga baya za mu tattauna sauran hanyoyin.

13. Yanzu lokaci ya yi da za a tantance ko wane Local install media za a yi amfani da shi, muna da zaɓuɓɓuka biyu:

  1. Daga zahiri [CDROM/DVD].
  2. Daga hoton ISO.

Don koyawanmu, bari mu yi amfani da hanyar hoton ISO, don haka yakamata ku samar da hanyar hoton ISO ɗin ku.

Muhimmi: Abin baƙin ciki akwai ainihin ƙwaro wauta wanda ke amfani da RHEL/CentOS7. Wannan kwaro yana hana ku shigarwa ta amfani da [CDROM/DVD] ta zahiri, za ku ga zaɓin yana da launin toka kamar wannan.

Kuma idan kun riƙe siginar ku akan sa, wannan saƙon kuskure zai bayyana.

Har yanzu babu wata hukuma/kai tsaye mafita ga wannan kwaro, zaku iya samun ƙarin bayani game da wannan amma anan.

14. Ma'ajiyar ta dawo baya, za mu yi amfani da faifan faifai da muka ƙirƙira da wuri don sanya mashin ɗin kama-da-wane. Zai kasance kamar yadda aka nuna.

15. Mataki na ƙarshe wanda ya tambaye ku game da sunan injin ɗin ku da kuma wani zaɓi na ci gaba yana ba da damar yin magana game da shi daga baya.

Idan kuna son canza wasu na'urori ko yin wasu gyare-gyare kawai ku duba \Yi gyara tsarin kafin shigarwa zaɓi. Sa'an nan kuma danna gama kuma jira seconds, control console zai bayyana ga Baƙonku. OS don sarrafa shi

Kammalawa

Yanzu kun koyi menene KVM, Yadda ake sarrafa dandamalin ku ta amfani da kayan aikin GUI, Yadda ake tura injin kama-da-wane ta amfani da shi da wasu abubuwa masu ban mamaki.

Kodayake wannan ba ƙarshen labarin ba ne, a cikin labaranmu masu zuwa, za mu tattauna wasu muhimman batutuwa waɗanda suka shafi KVM. Ka sanya hannayenka datti ta amfani da ilimin da ya gabata kuma ka kasance cikin shiri don kashi na gaba….