Yadda ake Sanya Cikakken Sabar Sabar (Postfix) ta amfani da Roundcube (Webmail) akan Ubuntu/Debian


Ƙirƙirar sabar wasiƙa akan na'urori masu ƙarfi na Linux na iya zama ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da kowane mai sarrafa tsarin ke buƙatar yin yayin daidaita sabar a karon farko, idan ba ku san abin da ake nufi ba; abu ne mai sauƙi, idan kuna da gidan yanar gizo kamar \example.com, za ku iya ƙirƙirar asusun imel kamar \[email kare] don amfani da shi don aikawa/ karɓar imel cikin sauƙi maimakon amfani da ayyuka kamar Hotmail, Gmail, Yahoo Mail, da sauransu.

A cikin wannan labarin, za mu koyi yadda ake yin haka ta hanyar shigar da sabar saƙon Postfix tare da aikace-aikacen saƙon gidan yanar gizo na \Roundcube da abubuwan da suka dogara da Debian 10/9 da Ubuntu 20.04/18.04/16.04 LTS. .

A wannan shafi

  • Saita Sunan Mai Gida da Ƙirƙiri Rubuce-rubucen DNS don Domain Mail
  • Shigar da Apache, MariaDB, da PHP akan Ubuntu
  • Shigar da Postfix Mail Server akan Ubuntu
  • Gwajin Postfix Mail Server akan Ubuntu
  • Shigar da Dovecot IMAP da POP a cikin Ubuntu
  • Shigar da Roundcube Webmail a cikin Ubuntu
  • Ƙirƙiri Mai watsa shiri na Apache don saƙon gidan yanar gizo na Roundcube
  • Ƙirƙirar Masu Amfani da Saƙo don Samun Wasiku ta Roundcube

1. Da farko, saita ingantaccen FQDN (Cikakken Sunan Domain Name) don uwar garken Ubuntu ta amfani da umarnin hostnamectl kamar yadda aka nuna.

$ sudo hostnamectl set-hostname mail.linux-console.net

2. Na gaba, kuna buƙatar ƙara MX da A rikodin don yankinku a cikin rukunin kula da DNS ɗin ku wanda ke jagorantar wasu MTA waɗanda uwar garken wasiku ta mail.yourdomain. com yanki ne ke da alhakin isar da imel.

MX record    @           mail.linux-console.net
mail.linux-console.net        <IP-address>

3. Domin ƙirƙirar sabar saƙo mai gudana ta amfani da \Roundcube, dole ne mu shigar da fakitin Apache2, MariaDB, da PHP na farko, don yin haka, gudu.

$ sudo apt-get update -y
$ sudo apt-get upgrade -y
$ sudo apt install apache2 apache2-utils mariadb-server mariadb-client php7.4 libapache2-mod-php7.4 php7.4-mysql php-net-ldap2 php-net-ldap3 php-imagick php7.4-common php7.4-gd php7.4-imap php7.4-json php7.4-curl php7.4-zip php7.4-xml php7.4-mbstring php7.4-bz2 php7.4-intl php7.4-gmp php-net-smtp php-mail-mime php-net-idna2 mailutils

A kan Debian 10/9, kuna buƙatar saukewa kuma shigar da ma'ajin SURY PHP PPA don shigar da PHP 7.4 akan Debian 10/9 kamar yadda aka nuna.

$ sudo apt -y install lsb-release apt-transport-https ca-certificates 
$ sudo wget -O /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/php.gpg https://packages.sury.org/php/apt.gpg
$ echo "deb https://packages.sury.org/php/ $(lsb_release -sc) main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/php.list
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install apache2 apache2-utils mariadb-server mariadb-client php7.4 libapache2-mod-php7.4 php7.4-mysql php-net-ldap2 php-net-ldap3 php-imagick php7.4-common php7.4-gd php7.4-imap php7.4-json php7.4-curl php7.4-zip php7.4-xml php7.4-mbstring php7.4-bz2 php7.4-intl php7.4-gmp php-net-smtp php-mail-mime php-net-idna2 mailutils

4. Postfix wakili ne na aika wasiku (MTA) wanda shine software mai alhakin isar da saƙon imel, yana da mahimmanci don ƙirƙirar sabar saƙon cikakke.

Don shigar da shi akan Ubuntu/Debian ko ma Mint, gudu:

$ sudo apt-get install postfix

Yayin shigarwa, za a tambaye ku don zaɓar nau'in daidaitawar wasiku, zaɓi \Shafin Intanet.

5. Yanzu shigar da cikakken m domain name cewa kana so ka yi amfani da don aikawa da karɓar imel.

6. Da zarar an shigar da Postfix, zai fara ta atomatik kuma ya ƙirƙiri sabon fayil /etc/postfix/main.cf. Kuna iya tabbatar da sigar Postfix da matsayi na sabis ta amfani da umarni masu zuwa.

$ postconf mail_version
$ sudo systemctl status postfix

7. Yanzu gwada duba uwar garken imel ɗinku yana haɗawa akan tashar jiragen ruwa 25 ta amfani da umarni mai zuwa.

$ telnet gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com 25

Trying 74.125.200.27...
Connected to gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com.
Escape character is '^]'.
220 mx.google.com ESMTP k12si849250plk.430 - gsmtp

Saƙon da ke sama yana nuna cewa an sami nasarar kafa haɗin. Buga daina don rufe haɗin.

8. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da shirin imel don aikawa da karanta imel ta amfani da umarni mai zuwa.

$ mail [email 

Cc: 
Subject: Testing My Postfix Mail Server
I'm sending this email using the postfix mail server from Ubuntu machine

9. Dovecot wakili ne na isar da wasiku (MDA), yana isar da imel daga/zuwa uwar garken wasikun, don shigar da shi, gudanar da umarni mai zuwa.

$ sudo apt-get install dovecot-imapd dovecot-pop3d

10. Na gaba, sake kunna sabis ɗin Dovecot ta amfani da umarni mai zuwa.

$ sudo systemctl restart dovecot
OR
$ sudo service dovecot restart

11. Roundcube shine sabar gidan yanar gizon da zaku yi amfani da ita don sarrafa imel akan sabar ku, yana da sauƙin yanar gizo don yin aikin, ana iya keɓance shi ta hanyar shigar da ƙarin kayayyaki & jigogi.

$ wget https://github.com/roundcube/roundcubemail/releases/download/1.4.8/roundcubemail-1.4.8.tar.gz
$ tar -xvf roundcubemail-1.4.8.tar.gz
$ sudo mv roundcubemail-1.4.8 /var/www/html/roundcubemail
$ sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/roundcubemail/
$ sudo chmod 755 -R /var/www/html/roundcubemail/

12. Na gaba, kuna buƙatar ƙirƙirar sabon bayanan bayanai da mai amfani don Roundcube kuma ku ba da duk izini ga sabon mai amfani don rubuta zuwa bayanan.

$ sudo mysql -u root
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE roundcube DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE USER [email  IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON roundcube.* TO [email ;
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
MariaDB [(none)]> quit;

13. Na gaba, shigo da teburin farko zuwa bayanan Roundcube.

$ sudo mysql roundcube < /var/www/html/roundcubemail/SQL/mysql.initial.sql

14. Ƙirƙiri mai ɗaukar hoto na apache don saƙon gidan yanar gizo na Roundcube.

$ sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/roundcube.conf

Ƙara wannan tsari a ciki.

<VirtualHost *:80>
  ServerName linux-console.net
  DocumentRoot /var/www/html/roundcubemail/

  ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/roundcube_error.log
  CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/roundcube_access.log combined

  <Directory />
    Options FollowSymLinks
    AllowOverride All
  </Directory>

  <Directory /var/www/html/roundcubemail/>
    Options FollowSymLinks MultiViews
    AllowOverride All
    Order allow,deny
    allow from all
  </Directory>

</VirtualHost>

15. Na gaba, kunna wannan madaidaicin mai watsa shiri kuma sake shigar da apache don canje-canje.

$ sudo a2ensite roundcube.conf
$ sudo systemctl reload apache2

16. Yanzu zaku iya shiga saƙon gidan yanar gizo ta zuwa http://yourdomain.com/roundcubemail/installer/ .

16. Na gaba, je zuwa Database settings kuma ƙara bayanan bayanan.

17. Bayan yin duk canje-canje, ƙirƙirar fayil ɗin config.inc.php.

18. Bayan an gama shigarwa da gwaje-gwaje na ƙarshe don Allah a goge babban fayil ɗin mai sakawa kuma a tabbata cewa zaɓin enable_installer a cikin config.inc.php an kashe. .

$ sudo rm /var/www/html/roundcubemail/installer/ -r

19. Yanzu je zuwa shafin shiga kuma shigar da sunan mai amfani da kalmar sirri na mai amfani.

http://yourdomain.com/roundcubemail/

20. Domin fara amfani da Roundcube webmail, dole ne ka ƙirƙiri sabon mai amfani, don yin haka, gudu.

$ sudo useradd myusername

Sauya \sunan mai amfani tare da sunan mai amfani da kuke so, ƙirƙirar kalmar sirri don sabon mai amfani ta hanyar gudu.

$ sudo passwd myusername

21. Yanzu koma zuwa shafin shiga kuma shigar da sunan mai amfani da kalmar sirri na sabon mai amfani.

Shin kun yi ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar sabar imel a baya? Yaya abin ya kasance? Shin kun yi amfani da Roundcube ko wani sabar saƙo a da? Me kuke tunani akai?