Shigarwa ta atomatik na Rarraba RHEL/CentOS 7 da yawa ta amfani da PXE Server da Fayilolin Kickstart


Wannan labarin tsawaita ne na Saitin Muhalli na PXE na baya akan RHEL/CentOS 7 kuma yana mai da hankali kan yadda zaku iya aiwatar da Shigarwa ta atomatik na RHEL/CentOS 7, ba tare da buƙatar sa hannun mai amfani ba, akan na'urori marasa kai ta amfani da fayil Kickstart karanta daga uwar garken FTP na gida.

An riga an aiwatar da shirye-shiryen yanayi don irin wannan shigarwa akan koyawa ta baya game da saitin uwar garken PXE, maɓallin kawai da ya ɓace, fayil ɗin Kickstart, za a ƙara yin magana akan wannan koyawa.

Hanya mafi sauƙi don ƙirƙirar fayil ɗin Kickstart wanda za ku iya amfani da shi don haɓakawa da yawa shine don aiwatar da shigarwar RHEL/CentOS 7 da hannu da kwafi, bayan an gama shigarwa, fayil ɗin mai suna anaconda-ks.cfg, wanda ke zaune a hanyar /tushen, zuwa wurin cibiyar sadarwar da za a iya isa, sa'annan ka saka ma'aunin boot initrd inst.ks= protocol://path/to/kickstart.fileto PXE Fayil Kanfigareshan Menu.

  1. Shigar da PXE Network Boot Server akan RHEL/CentOS 7

Wannan koyawa, da daidaitawar fayil ɗin Kickstart, kawai yana rufe ƙaramar Shigarwa na RHEL/CentOS 7 ba tare da Shigar da Zane ba, ainihin fayil ɗin Kikstart ya samo asali ne daga tsarin shigarwa mafi ƙarancin RHEL/CentOS 7 na baya.

  1. Ƙaramar Tsarin Shigar CentOS 7
  2. RHEL 7 Karamin Tsarin Shigarwa

Idan kuna buƙatar fayil ɗin Kickstart wanda ke rufe GUI Shigarwa da takamaiman tebur na bangare, Ina ba da shawarar ku fara aiwatar da abin da za'a iya gyarawa
Shigar da zane na RHEL/CentOS 7 a cikin ingantaccen yanayi da amfani wanda ya haifar da fayil ɗin Kickstart don shigarwar GUI na gaba.

Mataki 1: Ƙirƙiri da Kwafi Fayil ɗin Kiskstart zuwa Hanyar Sabar FTP

1. A mataki na farko jeka na'urar ku ta PXE / tushen directory kuma kwafi fayil mai suna anaconda-ks.cfg zuwa Vsftpd tsohuwar hanyar uwar garke. (/var/ftp/pub) - haka nan hanyar RHEL/CentOS 7 Tushen Shigar da Madubin Gida an saita shi akan Cibiyar sadarwa ta PXE Boot Server - Mataki na 6 > (Duba labarin saitin uwar garken PXE a sama).

# cp anaconda-ks.cfg  /var/ftp/pub/
# chmod 755 /var/ftp/pub/anaconda-ks.cfg

2. Bayan an kwafi fayil ɗin, buɗe shi tare da editan rubutun da kuka fi so kuma ku yi ƙaramin canje-canje masu zuwa.

# nano /var/ftp/pub/anaconda-ks.cfg

  1. Maye gurbin –url da aka yi tare da wurin tushen shigarwar hanyar sadarwar ku: Ex: –url=ftp://192.168.1.25/pub/
  2. Maye gurbin cibiyar sadarwa –bootproto tare da dhcp idan kun tsara hanyoyin sadarwa da hannu akan tsarin shigarwa.

An gabatar da wani yanki kan yadda fayil ɗin Kickstart zai yi kama da shi a ƙasa.

#version=RHEL7
# System authorization information
auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512

# Use network installation
url --url="ftp://192.168.1.25/pub/"
# Run the Setup Agent on first boot
firstboot --enable
ignoredisk --only-use=sda
# Keyboard layouts
keyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts='us'
# System language
lang en_US.UTF-8

# Network information
network  --bootproto=dhcp --device=eno16777736 --ipv6=auto --activate
network  --hostname=localhost.localdomain
# Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $6$RMPTNRo5P7zulbAR$ueRnuz70DX2Z8Pb2oCgfXv4qXOjkdZlaMnC.CoLheFrUF4BEjRIX8rF.2QpPmj2F0a7iOBM3tUL3tyZNKsDp50
# System services
services --enabled="chronyd"
# System timezone
timezone Europe/Bucharest --isUtc
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr --boot-drive=sda
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --none --initlabel
# Disk partitioning information
part pv.20 --fstype="lvmpv" --ondisk=sda --size=19979
part /boot --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=500
volgroup centos --pesize=4096 pv.20
logvol /  --fstype="xfs" --grow --maxsize=51200 --size=1024 --name=root --vgname=centos
logvol swap  --fstype="swap" --size=2048 --name=swap01 --vgname=centos

%packages
@compat-libraries
@core
wget
net-tools
chrony

%end

Don ƙarin zaɓuɓɓukan fayil ɗin Kickstart na ci gaba da haɗin gwiwa jin daɗin karanta Takardun Kickstart RHEL 7.

3. Kafin yunƙurin amfani da wannan fayil ɗin don hanyoyin shigarwa, yana da mahimmanci ku tabbatar da fayil ɗin ta amfani da umarnin ksvalidator wanda aka haɗa akan kunshin Pykickstart, musamman idan an yi gyare-gyaren hannu. Shigar Pykickstart kunshin kuma tabbatar da fayil ɗin Kickstart ta hanyar ba da umarni masu zuwa.

# yum install pykickstart
# ksvalidator /var/ftp/pub/anaconda-ks.cfg

4. Tabbatarwa ta ƙarshe shine don tabbatar da cewa fayil ɗin Kickstart yana samun dama daga ƙayyadadden wurin cibiyar sadarwar ku - a wannan yanayin FTP Tushen Shigar Madubin Gida an ayyana ta bin adireshin URL.

ftp://192.168.1.25/pub/

Mataki 2: Ƙara Label ɗin Shigar Kikstart zuwa Kanfigareshan Sabar PXE

5. Domin samun dama ga Shigarwar atomatik na RHEL/CentOS 7 zaɓi daga PXE Menu ƙara alamar da ke biyowa zuwa saitunan tsoho na PXE.

# nano /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

Tambarin Menu na PXE.

label 5
menu label ^5) Install RHEL 7 x64 with Local Repo using Kickstart
kernel vmlinuz
append initrd=initrd.img inst.ks=ftp://192.168.1.25/pub/anaconda-ks.cfg inst.vnc inst.vncpassword=password
label 5
menu label ^5) Install CentOS 7 x64 with Local Repo using Kickstart
kernel vmlinuz
append initrd=initrd.img inst.ks=ftp://192.168.1.25/pub/anaconda-ks.cfg inst.vnc inst.vncpassword=password

Kamar yadda kuke gani daga wannan misalin za a iya lura da shigarwa ta atomatik ta hanyar VNC tare da kalmar sirri (maye gurbin VNC kalmar sirri daidai) kuma fayil ɗin Kickstart yana cikin gida akan uwar garken PXE kuma an ayyana shi ta initrd boot parameter inst.ks= Wurin cibiyar sadarwa ta FTP (maye gurbin yarjejeniya da wurin cibiyar sadarwa daidai da haka idan kana amfani da wasu hanyoyin shigarwa kamar HTTP, HTTPS, NFS ko tushen shigarwa na nesa da fayilolin Kickstart).

Mataki 3: Sanya Abokan Ciniki don Sanya RHEL/CentOS 7 ta atomatik ta amfani da Kickstart

6. Don shigar da RHEL/CentOS 7 ta atomatik kuma kula da duk tsarin shigarwa, musamman akan sabar marasa kai, umurci injin abokin ciniki daga BIOS
don tada daga cibiyar sadarwa, jira ƴan daƙiƙa kaɗan sannan danna F8 da Shiga maɓallan, sannan zaɓi Kickstart zaɓi daga menu na PXE.

7. Bayan kernel da ramdisk sun loda kuma gano fayil ɗin Kickstart, tsarin shigarwa yana farawa ta atomatik ba tare da wani sa hannun mai amfani da ake buƙata ba. Idan kuna son kallon tsarin shigarwa ku haɗa tare da abokin ciniki na VNC daga kwamfuta daban-daban ta amfani da adireshin da mai sakawa ya ba ku kuma ku ji daɗin gani.

8. Bayan an gama shigarwa sai ku shiga sabon tsarin da aka saka tare da asusun tushen da kalmar sirri da aka yi amfani da ita a kan shigarwar da ta gabata (
wanda kuka kwafi fayil ɗin Kickstart) kuma ku canza tushen kalmar sirri ta abokin ciniki ta hanyar kunna passwd umarni.

Shi ke nan! Automatic Kickstart yana ba da fa'idodi masu yawa ga masu gudanar da tsarin a cikin mahallin da za su yi na'ura mai ƙarfi akan na'urori da yawa lokaci guda, cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, ba tare da buƙatar tsoma baki tare da hannu ba. shigarwa tsari.