Saita RAID 1 (Mirroring) ta amfani da Disks Biyu a cikin Linux - Sashe na 3


RAID Mirroring yana nufin ainihin clone (ko madubi) na rubuce-rubuce iri ɗaya zuwa faifai guda biyu. Ana buƙatar mafi ƙarancin adadin faifai guda biyu a cikin tsararru don ƙirƙirar RAID1 kuma yana da amfani kawai, lokacin karanta aikin ko dogaro ya fi daidai da ƙarfin ajiyar bayanai.

Ana ƙirƙira madubai don kariya daga asarar bayanai saboda gazawar faifai. Kowane faifai a cikin madubi ya ƙunshi ainihin kwafin bayanai. Lokacin da diski ɗaya ya gaza, ana iya dawo da bayanai iri ɗaya daga sauran faifai masu aiki. Koyaya, ana iya maye gurbin abin da ya gaza daga kwamfutar da ke aiki ba tare da katsewar mai amfani ba.

Siffofin RAID 1

  1. Madubi yana da Kyau mai Kyau.
  2. 50% na sarari za a rasa. Ma'ana idan muna da diski guda biyu tare da girman 500GB, zai zama 1TB amma a Mirroring zai nuna mana 500GB kawai.
  3. Babu asarar bayanai a cikin Mirroring idan diski ɗaya ya gaza, saboda muna da abun ciki iri ɗaya a cikin diski biyu.
  4. Karanta zai yi kyau fiye da rubuta bayanai don tuƙi.

Ana ba da izinin ƙirƙira RAID 1 mafi ƙarancin adadin guda biyu, amma kuna iya ƙara ƙarin diski ta amfani da sau biyu kamar 2, 4, 6, 8. Don ƙara ƙarin diski, tsarin ku dole ne ya sami adaftar jiki na RAID (katin hardware).

Anan muna amfani da harin software ba hari na Hardware ba, idan tsarin ku yana da ingantacciyar katin hari na kayan masarufi zaku iya samun dama gare shi daga UI mai amfani ko amfani da maɓallin Ctrl + I.

Karanta Haka kuma: Asalin Ka'idodin RAID a cikin Linux

Operating System :	CentOS 6.5 Final
IP Address	 :	192.168.0.226
Hostname	 :	rd1.tecmintlocal.com
Disk 1 [20GB]	 :	/dev/sdb
Disk 2 [20GB]	 :	/dev/sdc

Wannan labarin zai jagorance ku ta hanyar umarnin mataki-mataki kan yadda ake saita software RAID 1 ko Mirror ta amfani da mdadm (ƙirƙira da sarrafa hari) akan Linux Platform. Kodayake umarnin guda ɗaya kuma yana aiki akan sauran rarrabawar Linux kamar RedHat, CentOS, Fedora, da sauransu.

Mataki 1: Shigar da abubuwan da ake buƙata da kuma bincika Drives

1. Kamar yadda na fada a sama, muna amfani da mdadm utility don ƙirƙirar da sarrafa RAID a cikin Linux. Don haka, bari mu shigar da kunshin software na mdadm akan Linux ta amfani da yum ko kayan aikin sarrafa fakitin da ya dace.

# yum install mdadm		[on RedHat systems]
# apt-get install mdadm 	[on Debain systems]

2. Da zarar an shigar da kunshin 'mdadm', muna buƙatar bincika faifan faifan mu ko akwai wani hari da aka daidaita ta amfani da umarni mai zuwa.

# mdadm -E /dev/sd[b-c]

Kamar yadda kuke gani daga allon da ke sama, cewa babu wani babban toshe da aka gano tukuna, yana nufin ba a ayyana RAID ba.

Mataki 2: Drive Partitioning don RAID

3. Kamar yadda na ambata a sama, cewa muna amfani da ƙananan sassa biyu/dev/sdb da/dev/sdc don ƙirƙirar RAID1. Bari mu ƙirƙiri ɓangarori akan waɗannan fayafai guda biyu ta amfani da umarnin 'fdisk' kuma canza nau'in zuwa hari yayin ƙirƙirar bangare.

# fdisk /dev/sdb

  1. Latsa 'n' don ƙirƙirar sabon bangare.
  2. Sa'an nan kuma zaɓi 'P' don bangare na Farko.
  3. Na gaba zaɓi lambar ɓangaren azaman 1.
  4. Ba da cikakken girman tsoho ta hanyar danna maɓallin Shigar sau biyu kawai.
  5. Na gaba latsa 'p' don buga ɓangarorin da aka ƙayyade.
  6. Latsa 'L' don lissafta duk nau'ikan da ake da su.
  7. Buga 't'don zaɓar ɓangarori.
  8. Zaɓi 'fd' don Linux raid auto kuma danna Shigar don amfani.
  9. Sai kuma a sake amfani da 'p' don buga canje-canjen da muka yi.
  10. Yi amfani da 'w' don rubuta canje-canje.

Bayan an ƙirƙiri ɓangaren ''/ dev/sdb', na gaba bi umarni iri ɗaya don ƙirƙirar sabon bangare akan/dev/sdc drive.

# fdisk /dev/sdc

4. Da zarar an ƙirƙiri ɓangarori biyu cikin nasara, tabbatar da canje-canje a kan sdb & sdc drive ta amfani da umarnin 'mdadm' iri ɗaya sannan kuma tabbatar da nau'in RAID kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin kamannin allo masu zuwa.

# mdadm -E /dev/sd[b-c]

Lura: Kamar yadda kuke gani a hoton da ke sama, babu wani takamaiman RAID akan sdb1 da sdc1 drives ya zuwa yanzu, wannan shine dalilin da ya sa muke samun kamar yadda ba a gano super-blocks ba.

Mataki 3: Ƙirƙirar na'urorin RAID1

5. Na gaba ƙirƙiri RAID1 Na'urar da ake kira '/ dev/md0' ta amfani da umarni mai zuwa kuma tabbatar da shi.

# mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=mirror --raid-devices=2 /dev/sd[b-c]1
# cat /proc/mdstat

6. Na gaba duba nau'in na'urorin hari da nau'in hare-hare ta amfani da bin umarni.

# mdadm -E /dev/sd[b-c]1
# mdadm --detail /dev/md0

Daga hotunan da ke sama, mutum zai iya fahimtar cewa an ƙirƙiri raid1 da amfani da /dev/sdb1 da /dev/sdc1 partitions kuma zaka iya ganin matsayin azaman sake daidaitawa.

Mataki 4: Ƙirƙirar Tsarin Fayil akan Na'urar RAID

7. Ƙirƙiri tsarin fayil ta amfani da ext4 don md0 kuma ku hau ƙarƙashin /mnt/raid1.

# mkfs.ext4 /dev/md0

8. Na gaba, hawan sabon tsarin fayil ɗin da aka ƙirƙira a ƙarƙashin '/mnt/raid1'kuma ƙirƙirar wasu fayiloli kuma tabbatar da abinda ke ciki a ƙarƙashin mount point.

# mkdir /mnt/raid1
# mount /dev/md0 /mnt/raid1/
# touch /mnt/raid1/tecmint.txt
# echo "tecmint raid setups" > /mnt/raid1/tecmint.txt

9. Don auto-mount RAID1 akan tsarin sake yi, kuna buƙatar yin shigarwa a cikin fayil fstab. Bude fayil '/ sauransu/fstab' kuma ƙara layin mai zuwa a kasan fayil ɗin.

/dev/md0                /mnt/raid1              ext4    defaults        0 0

10. Gudu 'mount -a' don bincika ko akwai kurakurai a shigarwar fstab.

# mount -av

11. Na gaba, ajiye saitin hari da hannu zuwa fayil 'mdadm.conf' ta amfani da umarnin da ke ƙasa.

# mdadm --detail --scan --verbose >> /etc/mdadm.conf

Fayil ɗin daidaitawar da ke sama yana karanta ta tsarin a sake kunnawa kuma ya loda na'urorin RAID.

Mataki na 5: Tabbatar da Data Bayan Rashin Fassara Disk

12. Babban manufarmu ita ce, ko da bayan duk wani diski na diski ya kasa ko ya fadi bayanan mu yana buƙatar samuwa. Bari mu ga abin da zai faru lokacin da babu wani diski na diski a cikin tsararru.

# mdadm --detail /dev/md0

A cikin hoton da ke sama, zamu iya ganin akwai na'urori guda 2 a cikin RAID ɗinmu kuma Na'urorin Active sune 2. Yanzu bari mu ga abin da zai faru idan diski ya toshe (cire sdc disk) ko ya kasa.

# ls -l /dev | grep sd
# mdadm --detail /dev/md0

Yanzu a cikin hoton da ke sama, za ku ga cewa ɗayan motarmu ya ɓace. Na zare daya daga cikin tutocin daga injina na Virtual. Yanzu bari mu duba mu masu daraja data.

# cd /mnt/raid1/
# cat tecmint.txt

Shin kun ga bayananmu har yanzu suna nan. Daga wannan muka zo sanin fa'idar RAID 1 ( madubi). A cikin labarin na gaba, zamu ga yadda ake saita RAID 5 striping tare da rarrabawar Parity. Da fatan wannan zai taimaka muku fahimtar yadda RAID 1 (Mirror) ke Aiki.