Yadda ake Sanya Drupal tare da Apache akan Debian da Ubuntu


Haɓaka gidan yanar gizon ku daga karce na iya zama ɗawainiya mai ban tsoro. Yana ɗaukar lokaci kuma yana da tsada idan kuna shirin hayar mai haɓakawa. Hanya mai sauƙi don samun blog ɗinku ko gidan yanar gizonku daga ƙasa shine amfani da CMS (tsarin sarrafa abun ciki) kamar Drupal.

Drupal shine tsarin sarrafa abun ciki mai buɗewa (CMS), wanda aka rubuta cikin PHP kuma an sake shi ƙarƙashin GPL. An fara fito da shi a cikin Janairu 2001 don ƙarfafa shafukan yanar gizo na sirri, gidajen yanar gizon kamfanoni, da kowane irin gidajen yanar gizo waɗanda mutane za su iya buƙata. A yau, Drupal yana ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun CMS a duniya yana tafiyar da miliyoyin gidajen yanar gizo a duk duniya.

Sabuwar sigar Drupal a lokacin rubuta wannan jagorar shine Drupal 9.

  1. Kyauta kuma buɗe tushen.
  2. Abubuwan asali kamar ikon buga posts, shafuka, da tsarin sharhi, ciyarwar RSS, rajistar mai amfani. shigar da gyara samfuri & add-ons.
  3. Sama da samfura sama da 30000 don saukewa kyauta daga kantin Drupal.
  4. Akwai cikin harsuna sama da 110 tare da tallafi ga harsunan RTL kamar Larabci.
  5. Tallafin shafuka da yawa da gyara abun ciki na masu amfani da yawa da tallafin ƙirƙira.
  6. Tallafawa don ƙirƙirar blogs, forums, rumfunan zaɓe ta amfani da na'urori waɗanda aka shigar ta tsohuwa.
  7. Madalla da sabunta tsarin don sanar da ku game da sabunta tsaro.
  8. Wasu fasali da yawa.

A cikin wannan jagorar, za mu shigar da Drupal akan Debian 10/9 da Ubuntu 20.04/18.04.

Tun da Drupal CMS ne mai sarrafa PHP wanda masu amfani ke samun dama daga gaba-gaba, kuna buƙatar shigar da tarin LAMP akan misalin Debian/Ubuntu. LAMP tulin software ne da ake amfani dashi don gwaji da tura gidajen yanar gizo kuma ya ƙunshi manyan abubuwa guda 3:

  • Sabar yanar gizo ta Apache.
  • MariaDB uwar garken bayanai.
  • PHP (Na Drupal 9, PHP 7.3 da kuma sigar baya ana ba da shawarar).

Tare da buƙatun da aka cika, bari mu fara!

Mataki 1: Shigar Apache, MariaDB, da PHP

1. Don shigar da Drupal, za ku buƙaci uwar garken yanar gizo mai gudana da uwar garken bayanai, a cikin wannan labarin za mu yi aiki tare da Apache, PHP, da MariaDB, za ku iya shigar da su cikin sauƙi tare da taimakon kayan aikin sarrafa kayan aiki da ake kira apt.

$ sudo apt install apache2 mariadb-server mariadb-client php libapache2-mod-php php-cli php-fpm php-json php-common php-mysql php-zip php-gd php-intl php-mbstring php-curl php-xml php-pear php-tidy php-soap php-bcmath php-xmlrpc 

2. A kan sabobin samarwa, dole ne ku kunna wasu matakan tsaro na asali don shigarwar bayanan MariaDB, ta hanyar gudanar da rubutun tsaro mai zuwa wanda ke jigilar kaya tare da kunshin MariaDB.

$ sudo mysql_secure_installation

Bayan gudanar da rubutun, zai ɗauke ku ta hanyar jerin tambayoyi inda zaku iya amsa ye(y) don kunna wasu zaɓuɓɓukan tsaro na asali kamar yadda aka nuna.

  • Shigar da kalmar sirri ta yanzu don tushen (shigar da babu): Shigar
  • Saita tushen kalmar sirri? [Y/n] y
  • Cire masu amfani da ba a san su ba? [Y/n] y
  • A hana tushen shiga daga nesa? [Y/n] y
  • Cire bayanan gwaji da samun dama gare shi? [Y/n] y
  • Sake ɗorawa teburin gata yanzu? [Y/n] y

Shi ke nan, kun yi nasarar shigar da duk fakitin da ake buƙata kuma kun ƙara kalmar sirri ta MySQL. Yanzu lokaci ya yi da za a ci gaba da ƙirƙirar bayanai don shigarwa na drupal.

Mataki 2: Ƙirƙiri Database Drupal

3. Muna buƙatar ƙirƙirar bayanai don shigarwar Drupal ɗin mu, don yin haka, gudanar da umarni mai zuwa don haɗawa da harsashi na mysql.

$ sudo mysql -u root -p

Lura: Zai tambaye ku shigar da kalmar sirri ta MySQL, wanda kuka saita yayin da kuke tabbatar da kunshin MySQL, shigar da shi kuma za a sa ku zuwa tashar mysql.

4. Na gaba, gudanar da jerin umarni masu zuwa akan tashar MySQL don ƙirƙirar sabon mai amfani da 'drupal', bayanan bayanai da ba da gata.

## Creating New User for Drupal Database ##
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE USER drupal@localhost IDENTIFIED BY "your_password_here";

## Create New Database ##
MariaDB [(none)]> create database drupal;

## Grant Privileges to Database ##
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL ON drupal.* TO drupal@localhost;

## FLUSH privileges ##
MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

## Exit ##
MariaDB [(none)]> exit

Lura: Idan kuna so, zaku iya maye gurbin sunan mai amfani da sunan bayanai da kowane suna.

Mataki 3: Zazzagewa da Sanya Drupal a cikin Ubuntu

5. Drupal yana samuwa don saukewa daga wurin ajiyar Ubuntu/Debian na hukuma a matsayin kunshin, duk da haka, tsohuwar sigar ce daga Drupal wacce ke da raunin tsaro da yawa, kuma nau'in Drupal na yanzu shine 9.0.6), shi ya sa za mu zazzage. Drupal daga official website

A madadin, zaku iya amfani da umarnin wget mai zuwa don ɗaukar sabon sigar kai tsaye.

$ sudo wget https://www.drupal.org/download-latest/tar.gz -O drupal.tar.gz

6. Na gaba, cire fayil ɗin tarball kuma matsar da babban fayil ɗin drupal wanda ba a haɗa shi zuwa hanyar /var/www/html kamar yadda aka nuna.

$ sudo tar -xvf drupal.tar.gz
$ sudo mv drupal-9.0.6 /var/www/html/drupal

7. Domin drupal ya zama mai isa, ba da izini da aka nuna:

$ sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/drupal/
$ sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/html/drupal/

Mataki 4: Ƙirƙiri Mai watsa shiri na Apache Drupal

8. Sashe na ƙarshe na daidaitawa yana buƙatar mu ƙirƙirar fayil ɗin runduna mai kama da Apache don gidan yanar gizon mu na Drupal. Ci gaba kuma ƙirƙiri babban fayil ɗin runduna kamar yadda aka nuna:

$ sudo vim /etc/apache2/sites-available/drupal.conf

Manna abubuwan da ke ƙasa.

<VirtualHost *:80>
     ServerAdmin [email 
     DocumentRoot /var/www/html/drupal/
     ServerName  example.com  
     ServerAlias www.example.com

     ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
     CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined

     <Directory /var/www/html/drupal/>
            Options FollowSymlinks
            AllowOverride All
            Require all granted
     </Directory>

     <Directory /var/www/html/>
            RewriteEngine on
            RewriteBase /
            RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
            RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
            RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php?q=$1 [L,QSA]
    </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

Bayan haka, ajiye kuma fita da fayil ɗin sanyi.

9. Tare da kama-da-wane mai watsa shiri a wurin, muna buƙatar kunna shi ta amfani da umarnin da ke ƙasa:

$ sudo a2ensite drupal.conf
$ sudo a2enmod rewrite

10. Sa'an nan kuma sake kunna gidan yanar gizon Apache don canje-canjen da za a yi amfani da su.

$ sudo systemctl restart apache2

Mataki 6: Saita Drupal daga Mai lilo

11. A cikin wannan mataki mun kunsa shigarwar Drupal ta hanyar kafa shi a kan mai binciken gidan yanar gizo. Don haka kaddamar da burauzar ku kuma je zuwa adireshin IP na uwar garken ku kamar yadda aka nuna:

http://www.server-ip/
OR
http://www.example.com/

12. A shafin da ya bayyana, zaɓi yaren da kuka fi so kuma danna maɓallin 'Ajiye kuma ci gaba'.

13. Mataki na gaba yana ba ku bayanan shigarwa guda 3 waɗanda za ku iya yin amfani da su. Don kiyaye al'amura cikin sauƙi da sauƙi, zaɓi zaɓi na farko wanda shine daidaitaccen bayanin martaba, sannan danna maɓallin 'Ajiye kuma ci gaba'.

14. A mataki na gaba cika cikakkun bayanan bayanai.

15. Ba da daɗewa ba, za a fara shigar da duk fayilolin da ake bukata. Wannan yana ɗaukar kusan mintuna 5 kuma wasu haƙuri zai yi.

16. Cika duk abubuwan da ake buƙata game da rukunin yanar gizon ku kamar sunan rukunin yanar gizon, adireshin imel na rukunin yanar gizon, wurin da yankin lokaci.

17. A ƙarshe, za ku sami tsoho dashboard don Drupal kamar yadda aka nuna:

Daga nan, zaku iya fara ƙirƙirar gidan yanar gizon ku mai ban sha'awa kuma mai kyan gani ta amfani da jigogi da ake da su ko yin amfani da jigogin Drupal na ƙima. Abin da muke da shi ke nan a yau. Muna fatan zaku iya saita Drupal cikin nutsuwa akan Debian 10/9 da Ubuntu 20.04/18.04.