10 Basic Tambayoyi da Amsoshi akan Sadarwar Linux - Kashi na 1

Yawancin kwamfutoci a wannan karnin suna kan hanyar sadarwa iri daya ko waninsu. Kwamfutar da ba a haɗe da hanyar sadarwa ba komai ba ce face Metal. Cibiyar sadarwa tana nufin haɗin kwamfuta biyu ko fiye ta yin amfani da ladabi (wato, HTTP, FTP, HTTPS, da dai sauransu) ta yadda za su iya ba da bayanai kamar yadda kuma lokacin da ake bukata.

Sadarwar sadarwa abu ne mai girman gaske kuma yana haɓakawa koyaushe. Shi ne batun hira da aka fi amfani da shi akai-akai. Tambayoyin sadarwa sun zama ruwan dare ga duk masu neman tambayoyin IT ko da kuwa shi System Admin ne, Programmer, ko mu'amala a kowane fanni na Fasahar Sadarwa. wanda hakan ke nufin cewa kasuwa ke bukata, kowa da kowa ya san ainihin ilimin Networks da Networking.

Wannan shine karon farko da muka taba wani batu mai matukar bukatar Sabuntawa. Anan mun yi ƙoƙari mu ba da mahimman tambayoyin tambayoyi 10 da amsoshi akan hanyar sadarwa.

Ans: Cibiyar sadarwar kwamfuta ita ce hanyar sadarwa tsakanin nodes biyu ko fiye ta amfani da Physical Media Links wato, USB ko mara waya domin musanya bayanai akan ayyukan da aka riga aka tsara. da Protocols. Cibiyar sadarwa ta kwamfuta sakamako ne na gama-gari na - Injiniyan Lantarki, Kimiyyar Kwamfuta, Sadarwa, Injiniyan Kwamfuta da Fasahar Watsa Labarai da ke tattare da ka'idojinsu da kuma abubuwan da suka dace cikin aiki. Cibiyar Sadarwar Kwamfuta da aka fi amfani da ita a yau ita ce Intanet wacce ke tallafawa Gidan Yanar Gizo na Duniya (WWW).

Ans: DNS yana nufin Tsarin Sunan Domain. Tsarin suna don duk albarkatun kan Intanet wanda ya haɗa da nodes na jiki da aikace-aikace. DNS wata hanya ce ta nemo hanyar samun albarkatu cikin sauƙi ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa kuma tana aiki don zama muhimmin abin da ake buƙata don aikin Intanet.

Yana da sauƙi koyaushe tuna xyz.com don tunawa da adireshin IP (v4) 82.175.219.112. Yanayin yana ƙara yin muni idan dole ne ka yi hulɗa da adireshin IP(v6) 2005:3200:230:7e:35dl:2874:2190. Yanzu ka yi tunanin yanayin lokacin da kake da jerin abubuwan albarkatu guda 10 da aka fi ziyarta akan Intanet? Shin abubuwan ba su ƙara yin muni don tunawa ba? An ce kuma an tabbatar da su a kimiyance cewa mutane suna da kyau wajen tunawa da suna idan aka kwatanta da lambobi.

Tsarin Sunan Yanki yana aiki don sanya Sunayen Yanki ta hanyar yin taswirar adiresoshin IP masu dacewa kuma yana aiki a cikin Tsarin Tsari da Rarraba.

Ans: IPv4 da IPv6 su ne sigar ka'idar Intanet wacce ke tsaye ga Version4 da Version6 bi da bi. Adireshin IP wani ƙima ne na musamman wanda ke wakiltar na'ura akan hanyar sadarwa. Dole ne duk na'urar da ke kan Intanet ta kasance tana da ingantaccen adreshi na musamman don yin aiki akai-akai.

IPV4 shine wakilcin lambobi 32 na na'urori akan Intanet, mafi yawan amfani dashi har yau. Yana tallafawa adiresoshin IP na musamman har biliyan 4.3 (4,300,000,000). Ganin ci gaba da haɓakar Intanet tare da ƙarin na'urori da masu amfani da ke haɗa Intanet akwai buƙatar ingantaccen sigar adireshin IP wanda zai iya tallafawa ƙarin masu amfani. Don haka ya zo IPv6 a cikin 1995. Misalin IPv4 shine:

82.175.219.112

IPV6 wakilcin lambobi 128 ne na na'urori akan Intanet. Yana tallafawa kusan tiriliyan 340, tiriliyan, tiriliyan (340,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000) adireshin IP na musamman. Wannan ya isa ya samar da adiresoshin IP sama da biliyan ɗaya ga kowane ɗan adam a duniya. Ya isa ga ƙarni. Tare da ƙirƙira IPv6, ba mu buƙatar damuwa game da lalata adiresoshin IP na Musamman. Misali na IPv6 shine:

 2005:3200:230:7e:35dl:2874:2190

Ans: PAN na nufin Cibiyar Sadarwar Yanki ta Keɓaɓɓu. Yana da haɗin kwamfuta da na'urorin da ke kusa da mutum VIZ., Computer, Telephones, Fax, Printers, da dai sauransu. Range Limit - 10 mita.

LAN tana nufin Local Area Network. LAN shine haɗin Kwamfuta da Na'urori akan ƙaramin Wuri - Ofishi, Makaranta, Asibiti, da sauransu. Ana iya haɗa LAN zuwa WAN ta amfani da ƙofar (Router).

HAN yana nufin Gidan Yanar Gizon Yanki. HAN shine LAN na Gida wanda ke haɗawa da na'urori masu gida waɗanda suka fito daga ƴan kwamfutoci na sirri, waya, fax da firinta.

SAN yana nufin Storage Area Network. SAN shine haɗin na'urorin ajiya daban-daban waɗanda suke kama da na gida zuwa kwamfuta.

CAN tana nufin cibiyar sadarwa ta Campus Area Network, CAN ita ce haɗin na'urori, firinta, wayoyi da na'urorin haɗi a cikin ɗakin karatu wanda ke Haɗa zuwa sauran sassan ƙungiyar a cikin ɗakin karatu ɗaya.

MAN yana nufin Metropolitan Area Network. MAN shine haɗin ɗimbin na'urori waɗanda ke gudana zuwa Manyan Birane a kan Faɗin Ƙasa.

WAN yana nufin Wide Area Network. WAN yana haɗa na'urori, wayoyi, firintoci, na'urorin daukar hoto, da sauransu akan wani yanki mai faɗi mai faɗi wanda zai iya haɗa birane, ƙasashe da nahiyoyi.

GAN na nufin Global Area Network. GAN yana haɗa wayoyin hannu a duk faɗin duniya ta amfani da tauraron dan adam.

Ans: POP3 na nufin Post Office Protocol Version3 (Sigar Yanzu). POP yarjejeniya ce wacce ke sauraron tashar jiragen ruwa 110 kuma tana da alhakin samun damar sabis na wasiku akan injin abokin ciniki. POP3 yana aiki ta hanyoyi biyu - Yanayin Share da Yanayin Ci gaba.

  1. Yanayin Share: Ana share wasiku daga akwatin wasiku bayan nasarar dawo da su.
  2. Kiyaye Yanayin: Saƙon ya ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin akwatin wasiku bayan nasarar dawo da shi.

Ans: Ana auna amincin hanyar sadarwa akan abubuwa masu zuwa.

  1. Lokacin Sauke: Lokacin da ake ɗauka don murmurewa.
  2. Yawan gazawa: Mitar idan ta kasa aiki yadda aka yi niyya.

Ans: Router wata na'ura ce ta zahiri wacce ke aiki a matsayin ƙofa kuma tana haɗi zuwa cibiyar sadarwa guda biyu. Yana tura fakitin bayanai/bayani daga wannan hanyar sadarwa zuwa waccan. Yana aiki azaman hanyar haɗin kai tsakanin hanyar sadarwa biyu.

Ans: Kebul na hanyar sadarwa na iya zama mai hayewa kamar madaidaici. Duk waɗannan igiyoyin biyu suna da tsarin wayoyi daban-daban a cikinsu, waɗanda ke yin aiki don cika mabambantan manufa.

  1. Computer zuwa Canjawa
  2. Kwamfuta zuwa Hub
  3. Computer zuwa Modem
  4. Router zuwa Canjawa

  1. Kwamfuta zuwa Kwamfuta
  2. Canja zuwa Canjawa
  3. Hub to Hub

Ans: Kowane sigina yana da iyaka na kewayon sama da ƙananan kewayon siginar da zai iya ɗauka. Wannan kewayon iyaka na cibiyar sadarwa tsakanin mitarsa babba da ƙananan mitar ana kiranta da Bandwidth.

Ans: MAC na nufin Control Access Media. Adireshin na'urar ce da aka gano a Media Access Control Layer of Network Architecture. Kama da adireshin IP na adireshin MAC adireshi ne na musamman, watau, babu na'ura biyu da za su sami adireshin MAC iri ɗaya. Ana adana adireshin MAC a Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwar Karatu (ROM) na na'urar.

MAC Address da Mac OS abubuwa biyu ne daban-daban kuma bai kamata a ruɗe da juna ba. Mac OS daidaitaccen tsarin aiki ne na POSIX wanda aka haɓaka akan FreeBSD wanda na'urorin Apple ke amfani dashi.

Shi ke nan a yanzu. Za mu zo da wani labarin kan jerin hanyoyin sadarwa kowane lokaci da lokaci. Har sai lokacin, kar ku manta da ba mu ra'ayin ku mai mahimmanci a cikin sashin sharhin da ke ƙasa.