Yadda ake Sanya Adireshin IP na Yanar Gizo Static akan RHEL/CentOS 8/7

1. Kafin a fara aiwatar da komai muna buƙatar tabbatar da cewa tsarinmu yana da wasu kayan aikin gyara da kuma hanyoyin sadarwa kamar su lsof, wasu ba za a yi amfani da su akan wannan matakin ba amma yana da kyau a sanya su don daidaitawa na gaba. .

# yum install nano wget curl net-tools lsof

2. Bayan an shigar da kayan aikin sai a gudanar da ifconfig don samun saitunan Interfaces ɗinku da matsayi, sannan, sai ku gudanar da netstat ko lsof umarni don bincika menene. ayyuka suna gudana ta tsohuwa akan sabar mu.

# ifconfig
# netstat -tulpn
# lsof -i

3. Ƙididdiga na netstat yana da kyaun bayanin kansa kuma yana nuna jerin kwasfa masu alaƙa da sunan shirin su masu gudana.

Idan, alal misali, tsarinmu ba za a yi amfani da shi azaman sabis na wasiƙa ba, zaku iya dakatar da Postfix master daemon wanda ke gudana akan localhost kuma, kuma dakatar da kashe sauran ayyukan da ba'a so ta amfani da waɗannan umarni masu zuwa - sabis ɗin kaɗai na ba da shawarar kar a dakatar ko kashe don yanzu SSH ne idan kuna buƙatar sarrafa nesa akan sabar.

# systemctl stop postfix
# systemctl disable postfix
# systemctl status postfix

# systemctl stop avahi-daemon
# systemctl disable avahi-daemon
# systemctl status avahi-daemon

4. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da tsoffin umarnin init don dakatarwa ko kashe sabis amma tunda Red Hat yanzu yana aiwatar da tsari da sarrafa sabis na systemd, yakamata ka fi dacewa ka saba da umarnin systemctl. kuma akai-akai amfani da shi.

Idan kun yi amfani da Arch Linux to ya kamata ya zama yanki na kek don canzawa zuwa tsarin tsarin - kodayake duk umarnin init yanzu an haɗa su kuma an wuce ta tsarin tacewa.

# service postfix stop
# chkconfig postfix off

5. Idan kana son samun jerin duk ayyukan da aka fara gudanar da service umurnin kuma don cikakken rahoton yi amfani da systemctl.

# service --status-all
# systemctl list-unit-files

6. Don sarrafa ayyuka gudanar da umurnin systemctl ta amfani da mafi mahimmancin sauyawa: fara, tsayawa, sake farawa, < b>sake kunnawa, sake, kunna, nuna, dogaran-jeri, shine -an kunna,da sauransu. sannan sunan sabis ɗin ku.

Har ila yau, wani muhimmin fasali wanda umarnin systemctl zai iya gudana akan sabar mai nisa ta hanyar sabis na SSH akan ƙayyadaddun runduna ta amfani da zaɓin -H kuma aiwatar da ayyuka iri ɗaya kamar na gida.

Misali, duba umarni da hoton allo a ƙasa.

# systemctl -H remote_host start remote_service

7. Kafin ka fara gyara Network Interface Card fayilolin tsarin ka tabbata cewa daga yanzu har sai ka saita IP na tsaye, kana da zahiri ko kowane nau'in shiga cikin uwar garkenka, saboda wannan matakin yana buƙatar saukar da naka. hanyar sadarwa da haɗin kai.

Ko da yake ana iya yin shi ba tare da ɓata haɗin haɗin yanar gizon ku ba kuma kunna haɗin haɗin bayan sake yi. Babu wata hanyar da za ku iya gwada ta kafin sake yi idan kuna da NIC guda ɗaya kawai. Har yanzu, zan gabatar muku da dukkan hanyar kuma in nuna matakan da ake buƙata don gujewa idan kuna son kiyaye haɗin haɗin ku kuma gwada shi daga baya.

8. Yanzu matsa zuwa hanyar /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/hanyar, buɗe kuma zaɓi Interface ɗin hanyar sadarwar ku da kuke son sanya IP na tsaye don gyarawa - don samun duk sunayen NICs don amfani da umarnin IP kamar yadda aka nuna.

# ifconfig
OR
# ip addr

9. Bayan haka, yi amfani da samfurin hanyar sadarwa mai zuwa don gyara fayil ɗin kuma tabbatar cewa an saita bayanin ONBOOT akan YES, BOOTPROTO an saita zuwa static ko babu kuma kar a canza HWADDR da UUID ƙimar da aka bayar ta tsohuwa.

# nano /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s3

Yi canje-canje masu zuwa kamar yadda aka nuna.

TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=enp0s3
UUID=7546e483-16a0-499e-aaac-b37246b410a5
DEVICE=enp0s3
ONBOOT=yes
        IPADDR=192.168.1.10
        NETMASK=255.255.255.0
        GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
        DNS1=192.168.1.1
        DNS2=8.8.8.8
        DOMAIN=tecmint.lan

10. Bayan kammala gyara fayil ɗin, rufe shi, kuma matsa zuwa fayil ɗin resolv.conf idan kuna son sabar DNS a cikin tsarin.

# nano /etc/resolv.conf

Anan kawai ƙara sabar DNS ɗin ku ta amfani da bayanin server.

nameserver 192.168.1.1
nameserver 8.8.8.8

11. Yanzu an saita Network Interface tare da tsayayyen IP, abin da ya rage shi ne sake kunna hanyar sadarwar ku ko sake kunna tsarin kuma amfani da ifconfig ko IP > umarni don duba adireshin IP da daidaitawa ta amfani da umarnin ping.

# systemctl restart NetworkManager

NOTE: Bayan sake kunnawa yi amfani da sabon adreshin IP wanda aka saita don yin shiga mai nisa tare da SSH.

# systemctl status NetworkManager
# ifconfig
# ip addr show

12. Don daidaita tsarin sunan mai masaukin baki-fadi, buɗe hostname da hostname fayil wanda ke kan hanyar / sauransu sannan a gyara duka ta wannan hanya.

# nano /etc/hostname

Anan zaka iya ƙara sunan tsarin kawai amma yana da kyau a saka yankin .dot zuwa.

server.tecmint.lan

# nano /etc/hosts

Anan ƙara sunan mai masauki ɗaya kamar na sama akan layin 127.0.0.1 kafin bayanan localhost.localdomain.

127.0.0.1              server.tecmint.lan  localhost.localdomain …

A madadin, zaku iya saita sunan mai masauki ta amfani da umarnin hostnamectl kamar yadda aka nuna.

# hostnamectl -set-hostname tecmint.lan

13. Don gwada idan an saita sunan mai masaukinku daidai yi amfani da umarnin sunan mai masauki.

# hostname -s  # For short name
# hostname -f  # For FQDN mame

14. NetworkManager Text Interface Interface (TUI), nmtui, kayan aiki ne na RHEL mai fahimta wanda ke ba da damar rubutu don daidaita hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar sarrafa Manajan hanyar sadarwa, wanda ke taimakawa wajen gyara ci gaba. saitunan cibiyar sadarwa kamar sanya adiresoshin IP na tsaye zuwa Murarrun hanyoyin sadarwa, kunna ko kashe haɗin haɗi, gyara haɗin WI-FI, saita sunan mai masaukin ku ko ƙirƙirar musaya na cibiyar sadarwa kamar InfiniBand, bond, gada, ƙungiya ko VLAN.

NetworkManager-tui an shigar da shi ta tsohuwa a cikin RHEL/CentOS 7.0, amma idan saboda wasu dalilai ya ɓace, umarnin mai zuwa don shigar da shi.

# yum install NetworkManager-tui

14. Don fara Interface Mai amfani da Rubutun Mai sarrafa hanyar sadarwa sai ku gudanar da umarnin nmtui sannan kuyi amfani da TAB ko arrow makullin don kewayawa sannan danna Enter don zaɓar wani zaɓi. Idan kana so ka gyara kai tsaye ko haɗa takamaiman keɓaɓɓen dubawa gudanar da zaɓuɓɓuka masu zuwa.

# nmtui edit enp0s3
# nmtui connect enp0s3

Idan kana son saita tsayayyen IP zaka iya, kuma, yi amfani da Network Manager Text Interface Interface a matsayin madadin hanyar gyara fayilolin musaya na cibiyar sadarwa, tare da iyakataccen adadin zaɓuɓɓukan da hanyar za ta bayar, amma yi tabbata Network Manager an kunna sabis kuma an fara aiki akan tsarin ku.